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- Path: bloom-beacon.mit.edu!hookup!swrinde!menudo.uh.edu!lobster!antimatr!faq-rt
- From: faq-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us (Mark Whetzel)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.rt,comp.unix.aix,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: COMP.SYS.IBM.PC.RT: - AIX V2 - Part 2 of 4 - Frequently Asked Questions
- Summary: This posting contains part 2 of 4 of Frequently Asked Questions
- (and their answers) and general information, hints and tips
- for using AIX V2.2.x on IBM RT (615x) computers.
- Keywords: IBM RT PC software FAQ 6150 6151 6152 AIX VRM AOS MACH PICK
- Message-ID: <ibmrt_aixv2p2_762606210@antimatr.hou.tx.us>
- Date: 2 Mar 94 11:03:49 GMT
- Expires: 15 Apr 94 11:03:30 GMT
- References: <ibmrt_aixv2p1_762606210@antimatr.hou.tx.us>
- Sender: markw@antimatr.hou.tx.us
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- Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu comp.sys.ibm.pc.rt:1428 comp.unix.aix:21320 comp.answers:3991 news.answers:15928
-
- Archive-name: ibm-rt-faq/aix-v2/part2
- Last-modified: Tue Mar 1 06:19:18 CST 1994
- Version: 1.0
-
- Frequently Asked Questions for: AIX V2.2.1 on IBM RT systems.
- Part 2 of 4 parts.
- System Software topics for AIX/RT.
-
- See part 1 for a complete index of the AIX FAQ postings.
-
- ================================================================================
-
- ------------------------------
- 2.0 Software questions.
-
- S.1 - What is AIX?
-
- The operating system is called AIX, for Advanced Interactve
- Executive, and is based on the UNIX system V operating system.
- During AIX development, enhancements were added by IBM and by
- INTERACTIVE System Corporation under contract to IBM. These
- enhancements were made to improve the AIX Operating System's
- functions and ease-of-use, merge in selected facilities of BSD
- 4.2, (and later some BSD 4.3), and to take advantage of the RT PC
- technology.
-
- The enhancements consist of functions exclusive to IBM and the
- RT PC, along with functions from several versions of UNIX, including
- BSD and Interactive Systems. For example, the AIX Operating System
- includes a C compiler, Asynchronous Terminal Emulation, and the
- INed full-screen editor.
-
- AIX for the IBM RT 6150 and 6151 machines has been discontinued by IBM.
- Formal support of AIX V2 by IBM ended on June 1, 1991. Sales of
- 6150 and 6151 machines also ended on that date, replaced by the
- IBM Risc/System 6000 line of workstations.
-
- Features of the AIX/RT operating system:
- * Editors: vi, ed, INed.
- * Shells:
- - Enhanced Bourne shell
- - C shell
- - DOS services, a shell allowing users to use IBM PC DOS-like
- commands accessing both AIX and DOS files.
- * Library routines:
- - Expanded curses library.
- - Expanded terminfo library.
- - Routines for DOS services.
- - Shared libraries, allowing run-time linking of user-written
- routines.
- * Kernel:
- - Extended inter-process communication
- (semaphores, messages, shared memory)
- - Enhanced signals.
- - Multiple concurrent group access.
- - Filesystem enhancements such as file syncronization and trunication.
- - Enhanced process managment to explot the 40-bit address space.
- - Page fault handling on demand.
- - Fork enhancement.
- - Memory mapped files.
- * International Character Support.
- * Graphics
- - Grapics Development toolkit.
- - Advanced Display Graphics support library.
- * User interface
- - Enhanced instllation, device configuration, and system
- customization.
- - Useibility Services, a point-and-select interface to AIX commands.
- * Optimizing C Compiler.
- * Other functinal enhancements:
- - Generalized queueing system for job and print queue managment.
- - File system extensions for minidisk devices.
- - I/O managment extensions including:
- - Dynamiclly configured device drivers.
- - Support for virtual terminals and SNA sessions.
- - Generic device independent device drivers.
- - Multiple virtual termainal support on the native consoles.
- - Support for logical disks (minidisks)
- - Error log collection and analysis, trace recording and
- dump facilities.
-
- Portions of the above were quoted from IBM RT Personal Computer
- General Information book, Second Edition (July 1987) GC23-0783-1.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.2 - What is VRM?
-
- Unlike many operating systems derived from UNIX, AIX V2 is divided
- into two layers: the kernel, and the Virtual Resource Manager (VRM).
- The kernel is the core of the operating system; it implements the AIX
- file system, user process management, system call interface, and other
- UNIX-like features. The VRM provides a virtual machine envionment for
- the kernel, shielding it from specific hardware characteristics and
- from changes or additions to the hardware. The VRM also allows more
- than one operating system (and their applications) to execute. To a
- guest operating system, the VRM is percieved as hardware. The interface
- between the VRM and the AIX kernel is known as the Virtual Machine
- Interface (VMI).
-
- VRM is conceptually similar to the control program for the IBM
- Virtual Machine/System Product on machines with an IBM System/370
- architecture, except that while the VM/370 control program emulates
- the System/370 hardware architecture, the VRM emualtes a hypothetical
- machine with powerful features that are not usually implemented in
- hardware. VRM however, lacks major features of an operating system,
- such as a file system and a user interface; these services are provided
- by the AIX kernel. The VRM processes, device drivers and runtime
- routines extend and control hardware functions for guest operating
- systems.
-
- - Portions of the above were quoted from IBM RT Personal Computer
- General Information book, Second Edition (July 1987) GC23-0783-1.
-
- VRM it seems, was not written in standard C. Some books seem to
- indicate that it is written in PL8. Possibly a derivation of PL/1
- or an IBM internal language called PL/S. Portions of the MVS
- operating system are written in PL/S. I don't have good conformation
- of the exact details of VRM, nor good documentation of some of
- the interfaces, other than in the VRM Device Support and VRM Programming
- reference manuals.
-
- [Anybody know more details of VRM? How it came about? Design? - MW]
-
- ------------------------------
- S.3 - The RT will not boot from floppy, but does boot from the internal
- hard disks, why? Also VRM unique keyboard sequences.
-
- As shipped by IBM, the only diskettes that are bootable are:
- - Diagnostic diskette #1
- - VRM Install diskette #1
- - Any VRM backup diskettes made with the 'cvid' command, has
- diskette #1 as a bootable floppy.
-
- The AIX Install/maintence diskette while it appears bootable is in
- fact not directly bootable. VRM is the OS that actually owns the
- machine during normal operation when using AIX, and when 'booting'
- the AIX Install/Maintence diskette, you are still booting VRM from
- the internal hard disks. VRM examines the floppy drive to determine
- if a runable guest system image and boot record is on the diskette
- in the drive. The AIX Install/maintence diskette has very special
- version of the AIX kernel on it, and THAT is being loaded from the
- floppy. This special AIX diskette includes a kernel built that
- requires no external hard disks (except that containing VRM), and
- places all of it's filesystems in RAM with a special device driver
- in this kernel on diskette that allows ram simulation of disk
- filesystems.
-
- Sometimes, either by accident, or overt action, the Non-Volitale
- Random Access Memory (NVRAM) has been altered to not allow the floppy
- drive to be used as a boot device.
-
- The NVRAM, in the RT planar, maintains, along with the time of day
- clock setting, various system parameters, AND a list of last and
- currently selected boot devices. This list may be updated at any
- time by some special key sequences entered ONLY from the native
- keyboard. The VRM software that controls the RT hardware silently
- accepts these special keystroke patterns and may update NVRAM or alter
- system operation. The NVRAM contents and clock are maintained while
- the system is powered off by the battery attached to the operator key
- panel.
-
- By referencing the chart below, you can reset the available boot device
- list from one of the hard drives back to the floppy drive. These keyboard
- sequences are directly captured as long as VRM running. You do NOT
- have to be logged in to AIX to change the settings. VRM will silently
- update the NVRAM as specified by the chart below.
-
- Key-Sequence Function
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- Alt-Action Change active display screen to
- next virtual terminal (if any).
- cntl-Action Change active display to command
- virtual terminal (if defined).
- Shift-Action Change active display screen to
- previous virtual terminal (if any).
- Cntl-Alt-a Select diskette 0 as alternate IPL device.
- Cntl-Alt-b Select diskette 1 as alternate IPL device.
- Cntl-Alt-c Select fixed disk 0 as alternate IPL device.
- Cntl-Alt-d Select fixed disk 1 as alternate IPL device.
- Cntl-Alt-e Select fixed disk 2 as alternate IPL device.
- Cntl-Alt-Delete Restart the co-processor.
- Cntl-Alt-Action Exit the co-processor.
- Cntl-Alt-Home Restart a virtual machine
- Cntl-Alt-End Dump first virtual machine data.
- Cntl-Alt-NumPad 4 Activate the VRM debugger.
- Cntl-Alt-NumPad 7 Dump all of memory to diskette.
- Cntl-Alt-NumPad 8 Dump VRM data to diskette.
- Cntl-Alt-NumPad 6 Hard IPL the entire system.
- Cntl-Alt-Pause Soft IPL the entire system.
-
- ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
- Submitter: James Moody <moody@austin.ibm.com>
- Date: 13 Mar 90 17:59:30 GMT
-
- Your machine is experiecing the "can't boot from diskette" bug.
-
- The first thing to try is this:
- Boot the machine. Hit the key sequence ctl-alt-a (all 3 keys at once).
- [ BTW.. this is the LEFT alt key - MW ]
-
- Shutdown and try booting from diskette.
-
- If that doesn't work, here is the failsafe approach. Boot the machine.
- Hit ctl-alt-numpad4 (only works if you have some display connected to the
- RT that is NOT the megapel).
- [ VRM debugger wont work on the megapel -MW ]
-
- You are now in the VRM debugger. At the prompt, do the
- following:
-
- >al F0008828 F0 [enter]
- >g [enter]
-
- You should be back in AIX now. Shutdown and reboot from diskette.
-
- If that fails (because I said something wrong here or you don't understand
- what I'm talking about), power off the machine and take of the front cover.
- Disconnect the battery back. Leave disconnected for 5 minutes or so and then
- reconnect. I think this is messy but it also works.
- [ Note: You will also have to reset the TOD clock. It will now be
- January 1, 1970 and on Eastern Standard time. I recommend you attempt
- first booting the VRM disk and use the menu items to correct the
- system clock before doing a normal boot of the installed AIX. - MW ]
-
- ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
- Submitter: Nick Simicich
- Date: 13 Mar 90 02:09:19 GMT
-
- Power off the system, open the covers, and disconnect the battery.
- Let it stay disconnected for about 15 minutes with the power off.
- Reconnect the battery and power up the machine. It should boot from
- the floppy. Replacing the motherboard works, too. :-)
-
- While you're in the system, make sure that the floppy drive is
- connected to the controller, and that all of the connections are good.
- Wiggle them a bit.
-
- The RT thinks you've told it not to boot from the floppy with a
- keyboard sequence. Or, the floppy is broken. If the battery trick
- doesn't work, call your CE.)
-
- [ See the above note about the clock! - MW ]
- ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
-
- ------------------------------
- S.4 What operating systems are available for the RT?
-
- At the time of this posting, the following operating systems
- have been available for the RT processor. Availablility of these
- systems is unknown and unfortunately problematic.
-
- [ This section needs LOTS of work! - MW ]
-
- AIX V2 - Advanced Interactive Executive
- Vendor: International Business Machines
- Systems: IBM PC RT 6150 and 6151
- Announced: Jan 1, 1986 (AIX V1.0)
- Available: Not generally, discontinued on June 1, 1991.
- Last Version: V2.2.1 Update level 1779 (opsys).
- Distribution: Binary format only, on installp disks.
- See section S.5 below.
- Information source: IBM announcement letters 286-004,
- 286-011 and 286-259
- Note: Other versions of AIX exist for other platforms:
- AIX V1.3 - IBM PS/2 and compatible 80386 processors.
- AIX/ESA - IBM 3090 mainframes
- AIX V3.2 - IBM Risc/System 6000 processors.
-
- AOS - Academic Operating System
- Vendor: IBM
- Available: Not generally. Originally from IBM, but most academic
- instutions that have RT systems and Berkley source
- liscenses were able to get the full source.
- Last Version: AOS43 Dec88 ?
- Distribution: Source
- Information: IBM Announcement letter xxx-xxx,
- RPQ P83008 Program Number 5799-WZQ
- and usenet news information.
-
- BSD/RENO - ?
- Vendor: Berkley?
- Available: Unknown. This version is a combination of the AOS
- drivers and low level support routines, with the
- RENO distribution of BSD. Never made generally
- available. Found at academic instutions that have
- access to both AOS and RENO sources.
- Version: Reno?
- Distribution: Source?
- Information source: Netnews discussions.
-
- MACH - ?
- Vendor: Mt. Xinu ?
- Available: ?
- Version: msd 2.6 ?
- Distribution: ?
- Information source: Gleaned from Netnews posting May 21, 1991
-
- PICK - (Named after author Dick Pick, of PICK Systems, Inc.)
- Licensee: Seattle OS, Inc., PICK Systems, Inc. Major shareholder.
- Systems: IBM Series/1 and IBM PC RT
- Completed: 1982 and 1987, respectively
- Processor: IBM series/1 and PC RT
- Available: Unknown
- Version: ?
- Distribution: Unknown, Binary system images?
- Information source: Exploring the PICK Operating System
- By Jonathan E. Sisk and Steve VanArsdale
- Hayden Books, Second Edition 1989
- ISBN 0-672-48412-9
- Note: PICK is available for a variety of processor hardware and
- platforms including, but not limited to:
- IBM PC/XT/AT/RT/Series-1 and IBM 4331/4361/303x/9370 (PICK/370),
- Intel 8086/80286/80385, Motorola MC68000/68020 (several vendors),
- Zilog Z8000 (ADDS Mentor), HP 3000, Microdata, Nixdorf 8890 VM.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.5 Where can I get a copy of AIX for the RT?
-
- At this time, IBM no longer directly sells AIX V2.
-
- However, some IBM remarketers MAY still have original distribution
- sets still in inventory. (doubtful!)
-
- If you aquire an RT system, inquire about the software and books for
- the system. This is the only way you can currently get a liscensed
- copy of AIX, that I know of. Most liscensed software that IBM
- distributed for the RT is no longer carried by IBM.
- Some OEM vendors of software may still stock and sell their products
- that were made for the RT, but there is no list of available software
- that I am aware of.
-
- [ I'm going to maintain a seperate section for this!
- See section S.21 for OEM software. - MW ]
-
- ------------------------------
- S.6 Where are the 'man' pages?
-
- IBM never supplied the 'man' command and the source for the man
- pages directly WITH the AIX distribution.
-
- They WERE available as a seperate PRPQ (Program Request Price Quote)
- software product, for purchase for a small fee mostly covering the
- distribution and media. The set of nroff files on two hi-density
- diskettes, covered most of the base commands, some system files and
- common special files. Sadly missing were the TCP/IP command set and
- information dealing with quite a few of the TCP and NFS daemons.
-
- RPQ: P91026 Program number: 5799-DAQ AIX/RT on line pubs
-
- ------------------------------
- S.7 Contents of the AIX V2.2.1 distribution diskettes.
-
- Shown in this list is the number of disks comprising a full
- distrubution set of AIX V2.2.1. In parenthesis is the product
- abbreviation directory name, as seen in the /usr/lpp file tree.
- A few example commands and files are listed, plus a comment by
- myself (indicated by '>') on files and programs that seem badly
- placed in the distribution, or missing.
-
- There are 36 total 1.2Mb format diskettes shipped for AIX 2.2.1.
- # column indicates number of disks in that option group.
-
- # Title and contents
- - -------------------------------
- 2 VRM install/utility disks
- * VRM install program, utility programs for formatting disks,
- and other special functions.
-
- 1 Installation/Maintenance
- * AIX Mini-kernel, install facilities, standalone backup
- programs, minidisk utilities, and more.
-
- 8 Base System Program (opsys)
- * base system files, including:
- - shells: sh, csh, tsh, Rsh. [ tsh = trusted bourne shell ]
- - C compiler, cpp, ld, make, ar, nm.
- - cpio, backup, restore.
- - initial /usr, /etc, /bin, /dev population.
- - awk, sed.
- - dosdir, dosread, doswrite, dosdel.
-
- 6 Extended Services Program (osplus)
- * Administrative support (admn)
- - tar, prof, tic, terminfo support, ect..
- > badly placed: tar, tic, chroot, proto, prof,
- and the /usr/lib/terminfo/* files.
- * DOS services (doss)
- - special commands to emulate a dos envrionment from the
- unix command line. With the command 'dos',
- a special version of format, dir, mkdir, ect..
- - dos to unix conversion utilities. convert, filetype, ect..
- * Extended Programming Support (extp)
- - adb, cflow, cxref, dbx, dump, lex, yacc, ect..
- > badly placed: banner, bc, cal, calendar, dc, tput, tail.
- * Source Code Control System (sccs)
- - sccs support functions.
- > missing the 'sccs' command shell.
- * Text processing/typesetting functions. (text)
- - nroff, troff, spell
- * UUCP support (bnuu)
- - uucp, uucico, cu, ct, ect..
- * vi editor (vied)
- - vi, ctags, edit, expreserve, exrecover.
- * Games (game)
- - usual character based simple games, including 'fortune'.
- * Sendmail (send)
- - sendmail binary, mailstats, ect..
- > Based on sendmail V5.?? (pre-1988 version)
- * MH Message Handler (mhmh)
- - MH mail handling system and commands.
- > version ??.?? of MH.
-
- 3 Multi-User Services Program (multiple)
- * Accounting Support (act)
- - commands and scripts for system process accounting.
- * System Activity recording (sar)
- - sar, sag
- > badly placed: timex.
- * Inter-Workstation Commands (iwc)
- - confer, id, mesg.
- * Terminal Support (trm)
- - commands used with some special ascii graphics displays
- like Tektronix 4014 terminals.
- - tprint, graph, greek, tplot, tc, hp.
- - support libraries libplot.a, libprint.a lib4014.a, ect..
- * Advanced Display Graphics Support (gsl)
- - Graphics routines for progamming the various HFT displays
- on the RT, including the 6153, 6154, 6155 and megapel.
- - Required prereq for installing IBM's X11 product.
- * Graphics Device Drivers (vdi????)
- - device drivers for IBM RT professional Graphics Series LPP
- also useful for Graphics Support Library subroutines.
- - vdi drivers for IBM devices: 3812, 4201, 5152, 5182, 6180,
- 7371, 7372, 7375, ega, and vdimeta-file format.
- * Graphics and Statistics commands (graf)
- - commands used with some special ascii graphics displays
- like Tektronix 4014 terminals.
- - The /usr/bin/graf directory including,
- hardcopy, ceil, pie, plot, qsort, rand, erase, ect..
- * HFT Examples Programs (hft)
- - /usr/lib/samples/hft
- - /usr/lib/vtm fonts for hft displays.
-
- 2 Virtual Resource Manager Device Driver (vtmdd)
- - Seperate components of these diskettes are installable
- by group of related drivers, or by individual driver.
- Listed below by group, with selections in that group:
- * RT 3278/79 Emulation Adapter
- - 3278/79 DFT VRM Device Driver (dft)
- - 3270 AIX Device Driver (3270dd)
- * RT baseband Adapter
- - Baseband VRM Device Driver [Ethernet] (enet)
- - Standard Baseband Data Link Control [DLC] (ethllc)
- - Block I/O AIX Device Driver (biodd)
- * RT Multiprotocol Adapter
- - MPDP VRM Device Driver plus microcode (mpdp)
- - SDLC DLC (sdlcllc)
- - 3270 AIX Device Driver (3270dd)
- * RT SCSI Adapter
- - SCSI VRM Device Driver (scsi)
- * RT Token-Ring Adapter
- - Token-Ring VRM Device Driver (token)
- - Token-Ring Diagnostics (trd)
- - Token-Ring DLC (trllc)
- - Block I/O AIX Device Driver (biodd)
- Note: Installable only from the individual device driver menu
- - IEEE Baseband DLC: 802.2 DLC with
- 802.3 medium access control protocol procedures (eth3llc)
-
- 3 Interface Program for use with TCP/IP (tcpip)
- - includes arp,finger,host,ping,rexec,rlogin,telnet,tftp,rwho,
- whois,setclock,lprbe,talk,netstat,route,rcp,hostid,slattach.
- - daemons: inetd,gated,routed,ftpd,tftpd,rwhod,fingerd,lpd,named.
- > badly placed: hostname,portmap,rpcinfo,x25load.
-
- 1 INED program (INed)
- - "e" editor command, and associated control files.
-
- 1 Asyncronous Terminal Emulation Program (ate)
- - ate, xmodem.
-
- 1 Base PC Network Services Program (lanserv)
- - IBM PC original PC Network BROADBAND adapter network support.
- (NOT required to be installed for Ethernet adapter use)
-
- 2 Usability Services Program (panels)
- - the /usr/lib/screen directory tree of panels.
- > badly placed:
- shmsystem - the shared memory segment manager!
- actmngr - hft activity manager - invokes a bourne shell.
-
- 3 Systems Network Architecture Services (snaserv)
- - SNA protocol support, LU services VRM driver.
- - multi-protocol adapter SNA support.
-
- 1 DOS Server program (pci)
- - support of the ADDU liscensed program product,
- extending disk and terminal support to PC users.
- > badly placed: aix2dos, dos2aix
- NL to CR-NL and CR-NL to NL text conversion utilities!
-
- 2 Update
- - Initial update fixes to distributed AIX 2.2.1.
- - MUST be installed after ALL optional AIX sections have
- been installed and BEFORE *ANY* other updates.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.8 - Maintence? What updates are available for AIX?
-
- IBM offical support of AIX V2.2.1 ended on June 1, 1991.
-
- They however always have had service available on a fee and time basis.
- Some academic instutions still have IBM service contracts in effect,
- and some support may be available via the SE in charge of the account.
-
- After maintaining the AIX/RT systems for many years for the place where
- I work, and doing a little cross referencing and homework I have
- managaged to put together a comprehensive list of the maintance diskette
- history of AIX/RT for the V2.2.1 versions of AIX.
-
- Some parts of AIX history is unclear, especially in its first few
- updates that were issued. Support by IBMs level1 support center
- was VERY spotty at first, especially as IBM was firming up its support
- policies for AIX.
-
- Update disks were issued in two major catagories. The 17## series
- disks were generated by the support structure of IBM and were only
- sent out to customers calling in with specific problem areas needing
- immediate problem relief. The 17## updates were supposed to be
- not completely regression tested aginst all products. The 27##
- updates were supposed to be completely tested. Later in the AIX/RT
- product lifetime, the 17## disk became the ONLY update disks issued.
-
- Updates, even when offical were never automatically shipped to
- customers. Only if they called with a problem were any updates
- sent out. The earliler version of AIX V2 (2.1.x) used 15## and 16##
- numbered series update disks.
-
- Unfortunately, different product development groups within IBM did
- not coordinate the update numbers with each other, so some products
- have the SAME update number, but cover ONLY its product area.
- Other products use their own unique numbering scheme.
-
- All update disks supposedly are supposed to include ALL prior earlier
- maintence, completely superceeding all prior maintence. This policy
- however was later changed towards the end of the AIX support cycle.
- Disks labeled "-- NEW BASELINE --" were the final disk sets with
- complete prior updates on them, subsequent update disks start over on
- update building and require the baseline set be installed first.
-
- Each disk set is one PTF (Program Temporary Fix) and include one
- or more APAR (?) fixes. PTFs for AIX are always numbered U###### and
- AIX APARs are numbered IX######.
-
- [ Some fields are incomplete. Anybody with one of the updates
- listed that have some fields with question marks, I need more
- information and/or corrections would be welcomed. - MW ]
-
- WARNING: Personal experience with another RT user trying to update his
- system from the INITIAL distribution disks, shows that the update process
- is BROKEN.. UNLESS the initial two disk update that is supplied with the
- system is installed first, BEFORE any other attempted maintence.
- That update disk pair shows up in the opsys maintence history as 1721.
- Do not confuse this with the X-windows or TCP/IP updates also labeled 1721.
-
- Notes for the following chart:
- PE PTF in Error - one or more fixes on this disk have some
- problem, not necessarly critical, but with hi-impact on
- system operation and potentially could be critical.
- EFIX Disk was only sent to a customer if a problem being worked
- on with the support center was fixed a an intermediate level
- and needed immediate solution. The fix set normally was not
- considered a full PTF package, nor completely tested.
- APAR ?
- sup Superceedes the ptf's specified.
- pre Prerequesite PTF's listed need to be installed first.
- coreq PTF's listed must be installed at the same time.
-
- MPP Multi-Program Product - mostly the OPSYS, plus fixes to
- selected base and elective install parts.
- VRM Fixes for the Virtual Resource Manager, usually installed
- by IPL from diskette, and replace the entire VRM.
- TCPIP Diskettes are for the TCP/IP part of AIX.
- DOSV DOS services part of base AIX.
- SNA SNA services part of base AIX.
-
- Xwin Diskettes are for the AIX Windows optional product.
- NFS11 Diskettes are fixes for the NFS 1.1 optional product.
- NFS12 Diskettes are fixes for the NFS 1.2 optional product.
- DS Diskettes are fixes for Distributed Services optional product.
- WHIP11 Workstation Host Interface Program V1.1 optional product.
- VSP VS Pascal optional product.
- VSF VS Fortran optional product.
- VSC VS Cobol optional product.
- PHGS Personal GraPHIGS optional product.
- COPRC RT PC-AT Coprocessor Services.
-
- Within each product area the list is ordered in the sequence of release
- by IBM for that portion of the operating system.
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- 1706 ? Inst ? ? UNKNOWN WHAT THIS IS
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- OPSYS/MPP Component 560106103
-
- 1721 N/A MPP ??/??/88 2 Shipped with the AIX
- distribution set.. *MUST*
- be installed.
-
- 2701 N/A MPP 12/16/88 3 PartNum 002701[1-3]
-
- 1725 N/A MPP 02/09/89 2 EFIX
-
- 1733 N/A MPP 03/30/89 5 EFIX
-
- 2702 U400722 MPP 03/30/89 ? ?
-
- 1734 N/A MPP 04/05/89 5 EFIX
-
- 1735 N/A MPP 04/06/89 5 EFIX
-
- 1736 N/A MPP 04/26/89 5 EFIX
-
- 1739 N/A MPP 05/11/89 3 EFIX
-
- 1740 N/A MPP 05/11/89 7 EFIX
-
- 2703 U400727 06/22/89 10 sup(2701, U400722)
- 2703-D U400762 MPP 08/08/89 doc only for(U400722,U400727)
-
- 1742 ? MPP 06/15/89? ? EFIX BAD csh problems
-
- 1743 ? MPP 06/??/89? ? EFIX
-
- 1745 ? MPP 06/??/89? ? EFIX BAD tty devices problems
-
- 2704 U400751 MPP 08/02/89 12 sup(U400722,U400727,U400762)
- U400755 doc only for(U400751)
-
- 1749 ? MPP 08/??/89 ? EFIX BAD breaks tty xon/xoff
-
- 1750 ? MPP 08/??/89 ? EFIX
-
- 1751 U400770 08/30/89 ? BUILT BAD..
- DO NOT APPLY BREAKS NFS
-
- 1757 U400857 MPP 12/01/89 9 coreq(U400849,U400843)
-
- 1758
- 2705 U400876 MPP 12/21/89 ? sup(U400751,U400727,U400722)
- pre(U400828,U400849,U400843)
- New INSTALL/MAINT diskette
- U400893 doc only dup(U400876)
-
-
- 2706 U400991 MPP 03/28/90 15 sup(U400876,U400751,U400727)
- pre(U400980,U400889)
- (included new Inst/Maint diskette)
-
- 1763 U?????? MPP ??/??/?? ? EFIX PE
-
- 1764 U?????? MPP ? ? EFIX PE
-
- 1765 U401041 MPP 05/04/90 ? EFIX PE
-
- 1766 U401075 MPP 06/06/90 10 EFIX PE coreq(U401043,U401039)
-
- 1769 ? MPP ? ? EFIX
-
- 1770 ? MPP ? ? EFIX BAD DO NOT APPLY!
-
- 1772 U401227 MPP 11/05/90 12 sup(U401139,U401041,U400991,
- U400876,U400751 U400727)
- pre(U401046,U401168,U401169,
- U401123)
- PE(IX08395,IX08240)
-
- 1773 U401293 MPP 01/21/91 12 BAD-BAD-BAD-BAD
- DO NOT INSTALL!
- fix set was created incorrectly
- breaks NFS among other things.
-
- 1773 U401374 MPP 05/16/91 12 -- NEW BASELINE --
- sup(U400722,U400727,U400751,
- U401041,U401075 U401227,
- U401293)
-
- 1774 U401356 MPP 05/16/91 3 label says volid=1772
-
- 1777 ? MPP ? ? EFIX
-
- 1779 U401382 MPP 05/31/91 4 sup(U401356)
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- X-Windows 2.1
-
- 1714 N/A Xwin 04/17/89 2
-
- 1721 N/A Xwin
-
- 1723 U400749 Xwin 07/28/89 3 coreq(U400751)
- (This update and ALL later X11 updates takes AIXwindows to X11R3 for AIX/RT)
-
- 1726 U400769 Xwin 09/18/90 3 coreq(U400751)
- U400844
-
- 1732 U400843 Xwin 12/01/89 3 coreq(U400751)
- U401187
-
- 1733 U400889 Xwin 01/02/90 3 coreq(U400876)
-
- 1736 U400947 Xwin 03/21/90 3 PE coreq(U400876)
-
- 1737 U401123 Xwin 07/18/90 4 PE coreq(U400991) BAD-BAD
-
- 1738 U401307 Xwin 02/14/91 4
-
- 1739 U401386 Xwin 06/12/91 ?
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- VRM 2.2 Component 560106203
-
- 1702 ? VRM ? ? EFIX
-
- 1705 ? VRM 05/11/89 2 EFIX
-
- 1706 ? VRM 08/18/89? EFIX
-
- 1707 ? VRM 08/18/89? EFIX
-
- 2707 U400754 VRM 08/08/89 2 PE coreq(U400751) BAD!
- wont IPL if disk errors
-
- 2710 U400828 VRM 11/07/89 2 sup(U00754)
- coreq(U400876)
- same as 1707 disks
-
- 1710 ? VRM ? 2 EFIX coreq(MPP1757)
-
- 1711 ? VRM 10/20/89 2 EFIX
-
- 1712 U401046 VRM 05/15/90 2 sup(U400754,U400828)
- coreq(AIX2.2.1)
- 1714 U401284 VRM 02/14/91 2 sup(U400828)
- (corrects random floating point machine checks)
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- TCP/IP Component 560106103
-
- 1707 ? TCPIP 02/09/89 1 EFIX
-
- 1713 ? TCPIP ? ? EFIX
- 1716 ? TCPIP ? ? EFIX
- 1718 ? TCPIP ? ? EFIX PE
- 1719 N/A TCPIP 06/??/89 ? EFIX PE
- 1720 ? TCPIP ? ? EFIX PE
- 1721 ? TCPIP ? ? EFIX
- 1722 ? TCPIP ? ? EFIX
- 1724 ? TCPIP ? ? EFIX PE (ftp is busted)
- 1728 ? TCPIP 10/24/89 ? EFIX PE
- 1730 ? TCPIP 09/21/89 2 EFIX PE
- 1731 ? TCPIP 10/08/89 2 EFIX
- 1732
- 1733 U401072 TCPIP 05/22/90 PE coreq(U401043,U401041)
-
- 1734 U401168 TCPIP 08/14/90 2 sup(U401072)
- U401195 dup(401168)
-
- 1736 U401278 TCPIP 01/18/91 2 -- NEW BASELINE --
- pre(U401168)
-
- 1741 ? TCPIP ? ? EFIX PE
-
- 1742 U401385 TCPIP pre(U401278)
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- NFS V1.1 Component 560115901
-
- 1110 U400764 NFS11 09/01/89 1
-
- 1112 U400865 NFS11 12/01/89 1 sup(U400764)
- coreq(U400751)
-
- 1113 U400890 NFS11 01/02/90 1 sup(U400865,U400864)
- coreq(U400876)
-
- 1115 U400983 NFS11 04/12/90 1 sup(U400890,U400865)
-
- 1116 U401043 NFS11 05/07/90 1 sup(U400893,U400890,U400865,
- U400764)
- coreq(U401041)
- U401052 dup(U401043)
- U401104 dup(U401043)
- U401132 dup(U401043)
- U401139 dup(U401043)
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- NFS V1.2 Component 560115901
-
- 1201 U401169 NFS12 10/12/90 2 coreq(U401041,U401075)
- 1202 N/A NFS12 02/14/91 ? ? EFIX
- 1203 N/A NFS12 06/05/91 ? ? EFIX
- 1204 U401387 NFS12 05/31/91 2 sup(U401169)
-
- Note: even though 1204 came out BEFORE 1203, the 1204 fix disk
- indiates that the apars fixed on 1203 are in 1204.
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- DOS server (PCI) Component 560115701
-
- 1703 ? DOSV ? ?
-
- 1706 U401044 DOSV 05/07/90 1 sup(U400984,U400842)
- coreq(U400991)
- pre(AIX2.2.1,NEW-DOSSERV)
-
- 1709 U401383 DOSV 05/31/91 1
-
- ==============================================================================
- SNA Services Component 5601061??
-
- 1708 ? SNA ? ?
- 1711 ? SNA ? ?
- 1712 ? SNA ? ?
- 1713 ? SNA ? ?
- 1714 ? SNA ? ?
- 1719 U401137 SNA 07/31/90 ? PE pre(U401139)
- 1720 U401218 SNA ? 3
- 1722 U401388 SNA ? 3 Last issued update
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- Dist Serv 1.2.1 Component 560106103
-
- 1706 U400763 DS 09/01/89 ? pre(U400727,U400751)
-
- 1708 ? DS ? ? coreq(U400770)
-
- 1709 U400849 DS 12/01/89 ? sup(U400763)
-
- 1715 ? DS ? ?
-
- 2701 U400877 DS 12/27/89 ? sup(U400849,U400863)
- pre(U400876)
- U400920 doc only dup(U400877)
- U400952 doc only dup(U400877)
- U401001 doc only dup(U400877)
- U401001 doc only dup(U400877)
- U401036 doc only dup(U400877)
- U401039
-
- Note: Do not confuse this 2701 distributed services disks with the
- 2701 updates for the base operating system.
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- Workstation Host Interface Program - V1.1
-
- 1204 U400759 WHIP11 09/01/89 1 pre(U400727)
-
- 1207 U401110 WHIP11 ? ?
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- PC Simulator 1.1.1
-
- 1210 ? PCSim ? ?
- 1213 U400389 PCSim 11/20/87 1
-
- ==============================================================================
- Asyncronous Terminal Emulation (ATE)
-
- 1707 U401048 ATE 05/07/90 1 pre(U401041)
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- RT PC AT Coprocessor services V1.1
-
- 2206 ? COPRC ? ? ?
- 2207 ? COPRC ? ? ?
- 2209 U400??? COPRC ?/?/87 1 ?
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- Fortran 77 V1.1.1
-
- 1214 ? F77 ? ? ?
- 1239 ? F77 ? ? ?
- 1241 U401216 F77 ? 1
- 1245 U401390 F77 05/31/91 1 Last issued update
-
- Volid PTF# Prod Date #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
- ==============================================================================
- VS Fortran V1.0
-
- F18 ? VSF ? ?
- F20B ? VSF ? ?
- F26 ? VSF ? ?
- F40 ? VSF 09/08/89 3
- 0G37 U401231 VSF ? 2
- 0H12 U401363 VSF 05/16/91 2 Last update issued
-
- ==============================================================================
- XL Fortran
-
- Note: There IS an XLFortran for the RT, but it was not widely distributed.
- I have been unable to determine if any updates were ever issued
- for the product. It was issued as a migration aid for customers to
- move to the AIX V3 and RS6000 systems that had been recently announced.
-
- RPQ P10095 Program Number 5799-???
-
- ==============================================================================
- VS Pascal
-
- H012 U401384 VSP ? ? ?
-
- ==============================================================================
- VS Cobol 1.1.0
-
- 1113 U? VSC ? ? ?
- 1119 U401047 VSC ? ? ?
-
- ==============================================================================
- Personal graPHIGS V3.?
-
- Note: The update numbering scheme for graPHIGS was unlike that of ANY
- other RT product. I have yet to fill in this section and understand
- how they were issued. [Anybody a graPHIGS expert/user? - MW]
-
- ? U?
-
- ==============================================================================
-
- ------------------------------
- S.9 - How to install updates to AIX.
-
- Most of the install of updates MUST be done with no users logged in
- to the machine, and most of the system deamons shutdown.
- Login as root, get any users to logoff, and issue the 'killall' command
- to kill all running processes and daemons. Issue the 'pdisable -a'
- command to disable any tty ports and psudeo terminals to prohibit
- more logins while the update process is in progress.
-
- WARNING: With 'cron' disabled, there is no automatic periodic 'sync'
- of filesystems. If possible, ensure that you issue a sync
- command beteeen updates and at convient intervals to
- help with disk and filesystem integrity.
-
- Updates are installed using the 'updatep' command. It has several
- arguments, the most common are:
-
- -a apply any updates on the install media.
- -c commit any currently installed updates.
- -d specifies the device or file name for updates,
- usually /dev/fd0 (the default).
- -s Display pending commit update status information
- -A Display a listing of all installed updates and APAR
- history for all products, or named product section if a
- argument follows the -A flag.
-
- Personally I like to install the update in one pass "updatep -a",
- test out the system, then later, commit the update "updatep -c".
- Using this procesure for installing updates has the added bonus,
- in that if a update fails to install, it will be automaticlly backed
- out, and the system restored to it's original state, rather than
- leaving the system in a possibly broken state with only part of the
- update installed.
-
- It *IS* possible for the update to be only paritially installed,
- especially when an out of disk space, or other catastrophic failure
- occurs during the update. (The worst is a power failure while install
- processing is in progress!) Make sure you have a good backup of any
- user data or any needed system files PRIOR to starting ANY system update.
-
- One thing I have done is to save a copy of the current update status
- before starting, and obtain one after the update, and run a diff the
- files. This way I can get a list of what has changed by the updates.
- This command is like this:
- updatep -A >/someplace/b4.up####
-
- When installing updates, the update process first saves a backup copy
- of ALL files to be replaced and selected for install. For proper
- update there must be enough space in the /usr filesystem in the
- /usr/lpp directory tree to hold a backup copy of all updated files,
- and changed library routines. Some updates rebuild the kernel, and you
- must have at least enough free space in the root filesystem to hold at
- least two times the size of a standard '/unix' kernel file.
- Extra copies of the kernel can be found in the root filesystem named:
- /unix.YYDDD.nnn
- With "YY" the last two digits of the year, and "DDD" the julian day of
- the update that created this copy of the old kernel. These can be safely
- removed after the update that changed the kernel has been comitted.
-
- As always, the more free space in /usr and in /tmp, the safer the
- install will be.
-
- Using the 'updatep -a' the system will read the diskette#1 disk
- and will prompt you with a series of questions making sure you wish
- to proceed, and also to display the update disk product area
- and copyright information.
-
- For updates with a single product, the updatep program will now
- proceed to read the update media, and replace or change the necessary
- files. For MPP or base-OS updates, a menu will be displayed with a
- numbered list of product updates found on the media that are also
- currently installed on the system. There will be two columns listed:
-
- - No special processing needed.
- - Special processing required.
-
- Some updates, like X11, have several sections. These will also be
- displayed with a numbered list, and the last number to do all
- updates at once.
-
- Some base-OS product updates require a kernel rebuild. By avoiding those
- products first, and installing the others in groups, you can shorten
- the amount of time required to update a system. Updates that change
- the kernel, after being installed, cause the system to automaticlly
- shutdown and reboot, which means that you have to login again, killall,
- pdisable, and then when ready, comit the update.
-
- Changes or installation of these products or updates will force a kernel
- rebuild:
- - Block I/O Drivers
- - Ethernet Drivers
- - SCSI drivers
- - 3270 Device support
- - VRM device drivers
-
- Additional updates are not allowed to be installed until any prior
- update has been comitted.
-
- If you are useing diskettes as your update source, during the update
- process, follow all prompts very carefully for when to insert a
- different disk. Due to the structure of the update disks, if more than
- one section on the left side is selected, the update process will ask,
- and re-ask (and RE-ask) for the disks. The pattern of disks is
- something like this:
- 1 1 1,2 1,2,3 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 .. ect...
-
- Note: Some of the update disks replace the 'restore' and 'backup'
- commands. This is true of the 1773 update, and others. When starting
- the OS base opsys updates on those disks, updatep will read about to
- disk 11 and restore only those 2 files... *THEN* it will actually come
- back and re-ask for disk number 1, and then start the rest of the
- update of the system. Follow the prompts very carefully and there
- will not be a problem.
-
- DANGER: DO NOT use 'installp' with update disks, and vis versa.
- You can seriously damage the system.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.10 - Can I install updates from other than floppies?
-
- Yes. Using the bffcreate command you can make a file of the
- contents of any of the update disks in a sutable format for
- installing directly by specifiying the resulting disk
- file as the install device, instead of /dev/rfd0, the default
- for the updatep command.
-
- To create the disk file you must have enough /tmp space to
- hold the entire contents of the update disk set TWICE. If your
- /tmp area is too small, you can point the work area for
- bffcreate to a different place using the -w flag.
-
- bffcreate -v -w/otherfs
-
- WARNING: The -w flag MUST have no space following the 'w' or the
- specified work area will be ignored.
-
- The resulting file will ONLY be placed in the following
- directories:
- - update disks: /usr/lpp.update
- with a file name of 'updt.yyddd.nnn'
- where yyddd is the Julian day and nnn is a relative number.
- The resulting file may then be renamed to something easy to
- remember, and the updatep utility can be directed to that
- file by:
-
- updatep -a -d/usr/lpp.update/filename
-
- - product install disks: /usr/lpp.install
- with a file name of 'programname.vv.rr'
- where programname is a partial program name and vv and rr
- are numbers of the version and release of the product.
- This file will be in the proper format for use with:
- installp -d/usr/lpp.install/filename
-
- NOTE: If your /usr area is too small to receive the updates you
- can make another filesystem named /usr/lpp.update or /usr/lpp.install
- and overmount it, or create soft links to other directories in
- a larger filesystem. The bffcreate program has no way of changing
- the output directory file location.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.11 - Brief overview of the AIX/RT install process.
-
- * First or new installation process
- WARNING: The installation procedure outlined below assumes
- either that you do not have any software currently installed on your
- machine, or that you do not wish to save any of the files on your
- machine. If you wish to save any files or minidisks, refer to the
- reinstallation section.
-
- You should have in front of you the manual:
- "Installing and Customizing the AIX Operating System."
-
- Step 1: Planning your minidisks.
-
- Complete the minidisk worksheet as described in the manual,
- chapter 1. There are some excelent worksheets that will give you
- the approximate needed sizes of the system filesystems when including
- most of the optional product areas. These charts also show which
- filesystems that the product installation will be placing modules.
-
- Selecting the sizes of your minidisks depends on how much of the
- base AIX V2 system you decide to install, the size of the hard drives
- that you are installing to, and how much space you will desire for any
- of your own user areas and additional application software.
-
- The '/vrm' filesystem will need at least 3800 blocks. I recommend more
- if you are making any alterations of the vrm filesystem. I personally
- use around 5000 blocks. I, however, have been doing some VRM hacking,
- and this leaves me about 1000 blocks to spare. In normal use the
- '/vrm' space is static, so any extra will be wasted.
-
- The size of root (/) will vary a lot. Make sure that you have
- enough space for at least two copies of the kernel (/unix) for
- update handling. A working *MINIMUM* would be around 2600 to 3000
- blocks free. More if you can spare it. A useful size of root will
- vary from 28000 to 34000 blocks, or more depending on your needs
- and system usage.
-
- The size of /usr will vary the most, and really depends on how
- much of the optional products you install. To have X11, TCP/IP
- and NFS will require in the range of 60000 to 150000 blocks.
- Space is used for temporary areas for mail (/usr/spool/mqueue)
- and storage of mail before being read (/usr/mail). Additional space
- will be needed for printing (/usr/spool/lpd and /usr/spool/qdaemon),
- and system temporary space (/usr/tmp). UUCP usage will also need
- storage space in /usr/spool/uucp.
-
- Sizing '/tmp' will depend on the amount of space you will want
- for editing, compiler work space, temporary mail files and work
- areas. A good working minimum is 5000 to 10000 blocks.
-
- User accounts by default use '/u' for home directories but can be
- placeed in any user filesystem, and thus will vary considerably
- accorting to your needs. Minimum space is 1000 blocks.
-
- Note: I have managed to install AIX V2.2.1 on two 40Mb disks, but
- it had no dump space, bare minimum pagespace (equal to system
- real memory), and a bare minimum /u, and only the base OS + TCP/IP
- installed. Not a very useful system.
-
- Step 2: Install VRM.
-
- Boot with the first VRM diskette and follow the instructions
- as described in the manual, chapters 2 and 3.
-
- I have found that this procedure works best:
- - Set the date and time, AND timezone *FIRST*. This will
- make all the rest of the installed files with the correct
- date, and the NVRAM clock will be proper GMT time according
- to your entered local time.
- - Choose the option 'change current choices and install'.
- This option will allow you to select the sizes of the
- VRM and initial Pagespace area.
-
- Step 3: Installing the Base System Program.
-
- Boot with the Install/Maintenance diskette and follow the
- instructions as described in the manual, chapter 4.
-
- The Base System Program must be installed before installing any
- other operating system component.
-
- I have found that this procedure works best:
- - Choose the option 'change current choices and install'.
- This option will allow you to select the sizes of all the
- base OS filesystems: /tmp, /usr, /, /u, and the dump space.
- - Use the menus of displayed filesystems to set the sizes
- of all the areas. Once a size is chosen, re-sizing it
- at this point is easy, after install, it is hard, so make
- good choices now. :-)
-
- After completing the disk sizing, the install process will proceed
- reading the eight disk set of base OS, and all filesystems will be
- sized and checked. You will also be prompted for an initial userid
- to be created. It will also ask if you want to have that user
- auto-logged in, or to run in complete multi-user mode.
-
- Step 4: Installing additional operating system programs.
-
- In addition to the Base System Program, the AIX operating system
- includes programs such as Extended Services, Multi-user Services and
- Usability Services.
-
- Use the "installp" command to install these additional programs
- and follow the instructions as described in the manual, chapter 5.
-
- Products you should consider installing:
- - Extended services sections:
- - Administriative support (for tar and cpio)
- - Extended programming support (compilers, sed and awk)
- - Sendmail
- - UUCP - if modem attached to usenet, or others.
- - Multi-user services sections:
- - System activity recording
- - Interworkstation commands (some scripts want the 'id' command)
- - GSL - for sure needed if running IBM X11 product.
- - VRM Device drivers sections:
- - Baseband adapter (if using ethernet)
- - SCSI adapter (if using the IBM RT SCSI adapter)
- - Token-Ring adapter (if using that card)
- - TCP/IP - if attached to a network. Required for X11.
-
- When you finished installing the additional programs,
- delete any leftover '/unixYYDDD.###' files using the "del" command.
-
- Step 5: Updating operating system programs.
-
- After you installed the optional programs included with AIX, you
- *MUST* apply the changes included on the base product Update Diskettes.
-
- Use the "updatep -ac" command and follow carefully the instructions
- as described in the manual, chapter 5 page 5-15.
-
- Step 6: Add any optional Licensed product to the system.
-
- After you have a running, installed system, might I suggest a
- backup of the system?
-
- Next, install any other products you need, such as:
- NFS, X11, special compiers, or other programs.
-
- Step 7: Update system to current maintence level.
-
- After much use and experience with AIX V2, I have found that the
- system is most useful if at least the following updates are
- installed, if not at the last issued update level:
- - 2706 For the base OS and the other base products.
- - 1734 For TCP/IP
- - 1738 For X11 AIXWindows.
- - 1116 For NFS 1.1
- - 1204 For NFS 1.2. Note: 1773, the sucessor to 2706 is required
- for installing the NFS 1.2 product.
-
- Step 7: Installing applications.
-
- You have now installed the AIX operating system, and your system
- is ready to use. If you have additional programs to install, follow the
- installation procedure as described in the publications provided with
- these products.
-
- * Re-installation process.
-
- Save any of your tailored system configuration files, and any
- special files you require. The following list is some suggestions:
- /etc/rc.include
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/group
- /etc/security/*
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/filesystems
- /usr/adm/sendmail/*
- /usr/adm/uucp/*
- /u/*
-
- ATTENTION!! This list might NOT be complete !!!
-
- Reinstall the VRM and the AIX Base System Program.
-
- The AIX installation process destroys the /(root), /usr and /tmp
- minidisks. If you change any of the characteristics of the /u minidisk,
- it will also be destroyed.
-
- Reinstall any additional programs from the set that you had on your
- previous system that you desire.
-
- Enter "mdrc" (minidisk recall command) to restore your user-defined
- minidisks.
-
- Restore the system files that you had backed up from your previous
- system. Note: You must NOT directly replace /etc/filesystems from
- your backup. It is only for reference purposes. It would need
- to be merged with your newly installed /etc/filesystems if you have
- any NFS mounts in it.
-
- Shutdown the system and reboot with <ctl>-<alt>-<pause>.
-
- [ This section may need more work. Any other ideas/changes? - MW]
-
- ------------------------------
- S.12 - Compiler usage questons?
-
- The AIX V2 system is at heart, a system V release 2 base, with
- BSD 4.2 and some BSD 4.3 extensions mixed in, it also has some IBM
- extensions and facilities by Interactive Systems, mixed in as well.
- The standard C compiler is mostly K&R compliant with additional compiler
- flags to support BSD portablity. There is *SOME* ANSI compliance in the
- include libraries, but it is far from complete. No ANSI prototyping
- is supported by the standard compiler.
-
- The compiler shipped with AIX has its own standard setup, with
- flags to make the include files SYSV compliant, and BSD compliant.
-
- SYSV way:
- cc -O -o <foo> foo.c <and other flags.>
- or
-
- cc -DSYSV and/or -DUSG -O -o <foo> foo.c <and other flags.>
- Note: The supplied header files for AIX/RT do not test for the
- SYSV or USG define, but a lot of public code does.
- X11R5 has a -DUSGISH for a merged type system like AIX/RT.
-
- BSD compatibility flags.
- cc -DBSD -DBSD_INCLUDES -DBSD_REMAP_SIGNAL_TO_SIGVEC \
- -O -o <foo> foo.c -lbsd
-
- Note: There is another BSD flag: -DBSD_COMPILE_ONLY
- This flag will cause additional defines and includes
- that may produce a correct compile, but most likely will
- NOT execute correctly, due to possibly incorrect interface
- defines, or use AIX/RT unsupported system functions.
-
- The following discusses some of the other non-standard and
- special compiler flags.
-
- Programs that have large static arrays and large structures may
- need the '-a' flag. Using this flag will reserve an extra register
- for addressing, thereby reducing the optimization capabilities of the
- compiler.
-
- X11 programs, and other large macro heavy and/or lots of functions
- sources, and those with lots of external references may need one or
- more of these flags to increase the internal tables of the compiler:
- -Nn#### - symbol table, default size 1500.
- -Nd#### - dimension table, default size 2000.
- -Np#### - constant pool, default size 600.
- -Nt#### - parse tree, default size 1000.
-
- For programs that are heavy on floating point code may be GREATLY
- assisted by the following compile time flags:
- -f Generates code that will use either the standard Floating-
- Point accelerator (FPA), or the Advanced FPA.
- The binaries created with this flag will NOT run without at
- least one of the FPA's installed. Automatically includes the
- libfm.a math library.
- -f2 Generates inline code to use ONLY the Advanced Floating-Point
- Accelerator and Advanced processor card.
- Automatically includes the libfm.a math library.
-
- The inline compiler flag -Q may speed up execution time at the
- expense of increased module size.
- -Q! Automatic inlining.
- -Q? Show reason in output file for no inlining.
- -Q-name,name2 Do not inline 'name'.
- -Q+name,name2 Force inline of 'name'.
- -Q|num Limit size of function to inline,
- default size is 100 operations.
- -Q#num Limits the expansion of an individual call to num
- intermediate operators. Defaults to 100.
- -Q-@file Reads list of forbidden functions from 'file'.
- -Q+@file Reads list of requested functions from 'file'.
-
- Note: Requesting a function for inlining overrides the
- the size constraints.
-
- Rounding mode for floating-point constant folding:
- -yd Disables floating-point constant folding.
- -ym Rounds towards negative infinity.
- -yn Rounds to nearest whole number. This is the default
- action when the -y flags is specified without an argument.
- The specified rouding applies to constant folding in all
- applicable passes of the compiler.
- -yp Rounds towards positive infinity.
- -yz Rounds towards zero.
-
- -z Use the libm.a version of the following transcendental
- functions, instad of calls to the AIX kernel, or AFPA.
- acos, asin, atan, atan2, cos, exp, log, log10,
- sin, sqrt, tan.
-
- Programs requiring curses and/or termcap emulation need to
- add the -lcurses flag to their link step.
-
- Due to the work of several people the GCC compiler has finally
- been ported to AIX/RT. See section P.xx for porting notes for
- the compiler, and information on using that compiler.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.13 - How to managage serial ports.
-
- NOTE: Printer/plotter serial devices are automatically defined
- with port and speed parameters when adding that device type
- under the printers menu. For more information about adding
- printers see sections H.14 and S.28. The following is for
- terminal, modem and other serial device types.
-
- The devices command is used to add, change and delete serial port
- settings, and how the getty will operate with that serial port.
-
- The devices command will automaticlly detect any attached serial port
- hardware and present them in the "Following adapters are available" menu.
-
- devices
- add
- ttydev
- tty
- <..Following adapters available menu displayed>
- < a new panel comes up showing terminal type>
-
- Most serial ports will need other information such as speed,
- parity, and stop bit settings, but this first panel presented does
- not have them. Fill in the displayed settings with your requirements
- as show on this menu. Some common options:
-
- 'ae' = true (meaning enable always, more on this later).
- davm = 1 (1=modem, 0=direct attached)
- tt = to any string matching /usr/lib/terminfo available terminal
- type most likely to call your system.
- If unknown, set it to 'dumb'.
-
- The critical part of this panel is the 'ae' option. Set it to 'true'
- (meaning 'enable') for a dial-in only port. A getty task will be
- started continually waiting for logins. When 'ae' is set to 'share'
- or 'delay' the getty operation is altered for bi-directional (call-in
- and call-out), operation. By using 'delay' this will setup the getty
- to run similar what other UNIX systems call a 'uugetty'.
- With 'ae' set to 'false' no getty will be started for this serial port,
- and it may be used directly by application programs for I/O purposes.
- Application programs or system functions (cu, ate, uucico, ect..) may
- use the serial port without at anytime.
-
- Press enter to bring up a yes/no question about changing more
- options.. enter 'yes'.
-
- A Larger panel will appear allowing you to choose the baud rate, and
- other serial settings, such as stop bits, xon/xoff and other
- common selections for serial ports.
- Some common options for attaching a modem:
- bpc = bits per character
- rts = speed of the port
- sns = false (switched or dial-in port)
- aa = true (auto answer)
- pt = parity type (odd,even,none,mark,space)
- nosb = number of stop bits.
-
- Default any options you don't clearly understand.
-
- The devices command will change the system so that the getty for the
- port will be started each time the system is booted. To change the
- status of the getty while booted and only for the current life of
- this IPL, use the pstart, pdisable, penable or pdelay commands to
- change the port status to the desired state. Issuing the 'pstart'
- command with no options will display all current tty port status.
-
- * penable - causes the getty to run all the time, and it will
- present a login banner when the port detects carrier, and
- modem ready. The 'penable' command also keeps the port locked
- all the time. This command changes the port operation to be the
- same as the options devices panel 'ae' set to 'true'.
-
- * pdelay - causes the getty to raise DTR, and wait for carrier
- before presenting the login herald, AND to WAIT to 'lock' the
- port from other users (if necessary) UNTIL some characters are
- actually recived on the port. Some systems call this a 'uugetty'.
- This command changes the port operation to be the same as the
- devices panel 'ae' set to 'delay'.
-
- * pshare - is similar to pdelay, but it locks the port immediately
- on recipt of carrier. (least useful of the options)
- Same as the devices panel 'ae' set to 'share'.
-
- * pdisable - causes the getty to be halted for this port, freeing
- the port for usage by other programs. DTR will be dropped,
- and if a modem is attached and configured correcty, will hang up
- any user dialed in, and prevent the modem from answering the line.
- Same as the devices panel 'ae' set to 'false'.
- To stop ALL tty ports at once, use 'pdisable -a'.
-
- NOTE: A few notes on the 'pro' (protocol) parameter on the devices menu.
- Protocol has three diffent settings:
- cdstl = Connect Data Set To Line.
- [ I have not figured out what this one does - MW ]
- dc = Direct Connect = CTS lead examined for pacing
- (on the RT native port, Pin #8).
- dtr = Data Termnal Ready = DTR lead examined for pacing
- (on the RT native port, Pin #2).
-
- Depending on the cable attached, the 'pro' keyword can
- have a radically different meaning. For the modem cable,
- and to use 'hardware' handskake instead of xon/xoff set the
- 'protocol' to 'dc' and 'ixp' to 'false' on the devices port panel.
- That cable has the CTS lead conneted to the CTS pin on the
- 25 pin modem side of the cable. This will utilize RTS/CTS pacing.
-
- When using the serial printer cable, the CTS pin on the RT side
- is connected to 'DTR' on the printer. Some printers use the
- DTR lead to control hardware pacing, and if so, you should have
- 'pro = dc' for this to work correctly, instead of 'pro = dtr'.
- [Confusing, yes? - MW]
-
- Unique to AIX/RT is the '/etc/ports' file. Entries in this
- file control various aspects of serial ports. This file is
- a stanza format file. There is one stanza for each device
- port, and two special stanzas 'default' containing defaults for
- all ports, and 'console' meaning the system hft console.
- The file has the following format:
-
- device:
- option = value
-
- The following options can be of assitance with UUCP setup
- lock= true. This stanza is CRITICAL for a shared
- dial-in/dial-out bi-directional use port.
- No command adds this stanza, and it is not
- added by default, but without it, port locking
- will not be handled coorecty amoung the
- getty,cu,ate and uucico programs.
- enabled = Set by devices to the value of the 'ae' field.
- values: true, delay, share, or false. Corresponding
- to penable, pdelay, pshare or pdisable.
- speed= Initial port speed. Not documented is the fact
- that a comma delimited list of speeds is availabe
- and that getty will rotate thru the list presenting
- the hearald in the specified speed on recipt of
- a 'break' signal.
- parity= parity to use, set by devices command,
- values: odd,even,none,mark and space. Can also
- be a comma delimited list like 'speed' above.
-
- hearld= The chracter string presented by the getty for
- a login greeting.
- term= Sets the string that the TERM envionment variable
- will be set to upon successful login.
- logmodes= Port characteristics during login processing.
- runmodes= Port characteristics set after login complete.
-
- Here is an example Telebit trailblazer T1600 setup that seems to work
- with the RT UUCP, using hardware flow control.
-
- ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
- Submitter: herb@ajfcal.UUCP
- Date: 21 May 91 13:40:50 GMT
-
- [ initial netnews discussion on UUCP troubles deleted - MW ]
- Sounds like you're having flow control problems... I just overcame
- the same thing when I upgraded the OS on my RT.. (CorrSrvc 1773).
- I just couldn't get hardware flow control working to save my life
- but this weekend I sat down for a couple of hours and got it working
- with my "DCA Fastlink" (Trailblazer Clone).
-
- In "devices", I have:
- pro dc
- ixp false
- dvam 0 [ I think he would have less trouble with dvam=1 - MW ]
- sns false
- aa false
-
- and in the telebit, I have:
-
- E0 F1 M0 Q1 T V1 X3 Version AA3.00-AB3.00
- S00=001 S01=000 S02=043 S03=013 S04=010 S05=008 S06=002 S07=060 S08=002
- S09=006 S10=007 S11=070 S12=050
- S45=000 S47=004 S48=001 S49=000
- S50=000 S51=005 S52=002 S53=001 S54=003 S55=003 S56=017 S57=019 S58=002
- S59=000 S60=000 S61=099 S62=003 S63=001 S64=000 S65=000 S66=001 S67=000
- S68=002 S90=000 S91=000 S92=000 S95=000
- S100=000 S101=000 S102=000 S104=000
- S110=255 S111=255 S112=001
- S121=000
-
- Other Pertinent information: 6150-25, IBM 4 port async, and standard
- IBM Modem cable.
-
- There's still a problem with Carrier Detect and getty... It seemed to
- a choice between having hardware flow control or having getty work
- right... But if you're using it to dial out only, then you shouldn't
- have to worry about that...
- ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
-
- ------------------------------
- S.14 - How to add user accounts to AIX V2.
- Also covers the various /etc/security stanza file contents.
-
- To create or update a group or a user, you must have superuser
- authority. Use the "users" or "addusers" command.
- Example:
- # users
- > a g groupname add a group
- > c g groupname change a group
- > a u username add a user
- > c u username change a user
- > ? help
- > q quit
-
- The AIX/RT system uses a secondary security system similar to
- some systems with a shadow password file. The /etc/passwd file
- and /etc/group files do not contain the actual password. Instead an
- explanation mark (!) is used as a place holder indicating that the
- password is located in the /etc/security directory in the file of
- the same name.
-
- WARNING: At some update levels of AIX/RT, the 'sysck' command,
- called by the 'adduser' command can cause password file corruption
- if any of the files have been edited by hand. The sysck comand
- is supposed to verify that the date/time stamps on on the
- /etc/passwd and /etc/security/passwd files match and that the
- internal stanzas are matching between the various files in
- the /etc/security directory. The sysck command attempts to
- modify the /etc/security/passwd file to correct any tampering.
- This modification can cause corruption of the /etc/security
- stanzas can make your system unable to be logged into.
- Systems earlier than 2704 do not have the problem, and
- systems with 2706 on or later do not have the problem.
-
- An AIX/RT password entry can have the following parts:
-
- george:!:200:1:User George/600000;description:/u/george:/bin/sh
- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
- A B C D E F G H I
-
- Description:
- A - Username
- B - Password place holder. An asterix (*) will make the password
- invalid. If null, no password is assigned, but the 'sysck'
- program will not allow this. See the /etc/security/passwd
- file description for more information.
- C - User id number. Numbers below 100 are reserved for system use.
- User account numbers below 20 are privlidged users, and are
- allowed logins at any time regardless of system load, maxusers,
- or other system restrictions.
- D - Group number.
- E - Name field
- F - Optional ulimit size (update level 2704 or greater)
- from the 'filesize' adduser field.
- Maximum user file size in 512 byte blocks. If this field is
- omitted, the preceeding slash (/) must be omitted.
- G - Siteinfo field contents. NOTE: A colon in this field is NOT
- allowed. If this field is omitted the preceeding semicolon (;)
- must also be omitted.
- H - Home directory. As installed AIX defaults the home directory
- to the /u filesystem. Any valid filesystem may be used for
- home directories.
- I - Initial program to execute. Maximum size 4096 characters and
- 14 parameters.
-
- The /etc/security directory contains several stanza files that
- further control the user login process.
-
- audit - directory containing audit subsystem control files.
- config - stanza file to control login operations.
- group - current shadow group file.
- ogroup - backup copy of shadow group file created by
- the adduser command before the last change.
- grpchk - executable program to verify group file.
- passwd - current shadow password file.
- opasswd - backup copy of shadow passwd file created by
- the adduser command before the last change.
- pwdchk - executable program to verify password file.
- sysck.cfg - configuration file for the sysck command.
-
- The /etc/security/passwd file is a stanza form file with one
- stanza for each user. An example is like this:
-
- guest:
- password = *
- restrictions = nologin
-
- george:
- password = xxyy123456789
- lastupdate = 733115124
-
- Valid stanza fields are:
- password= The users encrypted password. If field is missing or
- NULL, the account has no password.
-
- lastupdate= The date on which the user last changed the password.
- The value is expressed as the number of seconds since
- the epoch (Jan 1, 1970).
- Note: If password ageing is in use, setting this field
- to zero forces a password change immediately on
- next user login.
-
- restrictions= The restrictions stanza controls how the account will
- be handled. One benefit of account control allows you
- to leave the password unchanged for an account, yet
- still prohibit its use. Valid values are:
-
- nologin - Disallow login processing for this account
- (telnet and rlogin will not work).
- An illegal password entry of '*' also makes
- it impossible to login. However, remote
- shell 'rsh' is still allowed and 'su - userid'
- is still allowed.
- nouse - Account is completely disabled.
- All login and use of the account is blocked,
- including 'su' and 'cron'.
- nopw - account is exempt from password ageing.
- notsh - Trusted shell use is not allowed.
-
- These may be combined such as "nologin,nopw".
-
- auditclasses= This entry is used with the audit subsystem, and
- is the initial audit class for this user. The 'audit'
- command updates this field.
-
- The /etc/security/config file is a stanza form file with one
- stanza for different elements of AIX/RT security.
-
- One of the 'config' stanzas control password usage and aging.
-
- password:
- maxage = 0
- minage = 0
- minalpha = 0
- minother = 0
- mindiff = 0
- maxrepeat = 8
-
- Valid config entry 'password' stanza fields are:
- maxage= Maximum age in weeks of a valid password.
- minage= mininum age in weeks, before a change of a password
- is allowed.
- NOTE: password CANNOT be changed until minage is reached
- if it is non-zero.
- minalpha= Minimum number of alphabetic characters in a password.
- minother= Maximum number of numeric or special characters in password.
- mindiff= Minimum number of characters to be different from the
- old password.
- maxrepeat= Maximum number of identical consecutive characters to
- allow in a valid password.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.15 - 6157 1/4" tape drive special file names.
-
- Due to the hardware design of the standard 6157 tape adapter, only
- one adapter can been installed in one RT system. However..
- that one drive has 4 different device names:
-
- /dev/rmt0 normal tape device name, rewind on close.
- /dev/rmt4 NO rewind on close.
- /dev/rmt8 retension tape on open and rewind on close.
- /dev/rmt12 retension tape on open, NO rewind on close.
-
- Note: If the NO rewind device name is used with read, after an
- open completes, AND an application starts reading, the tape
- will be positioned to the EOT side of the next filemark by
- close processing.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.16 - UUCP setup and management.
-
- The AIX/RT system uses the HoneyDanBer variation of UUCP, or BNU
- (Basic Networking Utility) as the facility is called. IBM has made
- very little change of the BNU facility, however, the way that AIX/RT
- controls serial ports requires a few changes.
-
- The suporting IBM documentation is located in the "Managing the AIX
- Operating System" manual number SC23-2008, Chapter 9.
-
- An excelent reference book is the "Managing UUCP and Usenet" book
- by O'Reilly & Associates ISBN 0-937175-93-5. This book is an excelent
- UUCP reference, but AIX/RT requires a few special notes:
-
- 1) All the control files for BNU are located in '/usr/adm/uucp'
- instead of the '/usr/lib/uucp' or '/etc/uucp' directories.
-
- 2) Login accounts created for UUCP should be in group 'uucp'.
- I like to use uid numbers between 100 and 199 for uucp use.
- (Uids over 200 normally start the standard user range of uids).
- The gid 5 is the uucp group, and the accounts should be in that group.
-
- 3) Port AND getty control is done via the 'devices' command,
- or the port control commands 'pstart,pdelay,pshare,pdisable
- and penable'. See section S.13 on serial port managment.
- There is no '/etc/inittab' (as SYSV) or '/etc/ttys' (BSD/Xenix),
- or '/etc/gettytab' (SunOS). AIX/RT has a unique file called
- '/etc/ports'. That file is discssed in more detail below.
-
- 4) Serial devices have two names for each port that are quite
- helpful, for example the first serial port is called tty0,
- and has the following device special files:
-
- /dev/tty0 - standard port, and open blocks until carrier
- detect is true.
- /dev/ltty0 - Has the equivlent of 'clocal' set and allows
- open to complete without carrier.
-
- When setting up the 'Devices' control file, use the /dev/ltty#
- entry so that uucico can open the port and be able to send dial
- string characters. This is critical, as the modem MUST be setup
- to only have CD (Carrier Detect) true only when a real carrier is
- detected from the remote end. Most hayes compatible modems when
- shipped from the factory have CD forced true at all times. This
- is trouble for uucico, as it cannot detect when a session has
- failed, and when to hangup.
-
- 5) To use the RT to program a modem soft switches, add the tty device
- with the modems default port speed and parity, ect...
- Edit the /usr/adm/uucp/Devices file and uncomment or add an
- entry called 'Direct'.
- # ---A direct line so 'cu -ltty0' will work
- # Direct tty0 - 9600 direct
- Direct ltty0 - 2400 direct
-
- Then use 'cu -l ltty0' to connect using the cu command. You can
- now use cu to use the various 'AT' commands of the modems to
- program the modem.
-
- As different modems use different soft register values, be sure
- to check your modem documentation for the proper values to use.
- These register settings described below are for an ATI2400e modem
- your modem should have equivlent settings for these functions.
- Some the common settings needed are:
- S0=1 Number of rings to answer.. (If call out only, you
- can leave this to zero to never answer the phone.)
- &E0 Echo off in command mode. NOTE: This will make command
- strings typed with cu not to be echoed back by the
- local modem. Use the cu flag '-h' to turn on programmed
- echo (half-duplex).
- &C0 Carrier follows true carrier.
-
- 6) See section S.13 for general serial port control and setup. See
- also Q.8 and Q.9 in the Questions section on additional notes on
- speed settings and bi-directional ports.
-
- The following /etc/ports options can be of assitance with getting
- UUCP setup and operating correctly:
- lock= You MUST add 'lock=true'. This stanza is CRITICAL
- for a shared dial-in/dial-out bi-directional use
- port. No command adds this stanza, and it is not
- added by default, but without it, port locking
- will not be handled correctly amoung the
- getty, login, cu, ct and uucico programs.
- NOTE: The 'ate' command regardless of update level
- still does not understand shared use ports. You
- MUST pdisable the port prior to using ate.
- enabled= Set by devices to the value of the 'ae' field.
- values: true, delay, share, or false. Corresponding
- to penable, pdelay, pshare or pdisable.
- hearld= You will most likely want to add this entry to
- shorten the login prompt. The default stanza has
- a long string of newline characters, and this can
- confuse some uucico chat scripts.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.17 - Setting up networking on an RT running AIX V2.
-
- General steps needed:
- - If not installed, install TCP/IP portion of OS.
- - Install any VRM driver(s) needed.
- - Add hardware adapter (token-ring, ethernet, X.25) to system.
- - Define adapter to system with devices.
- - Edit /etc/net to set IP address and interface characteristics.
- - Edit /etc/hosts to set hostname to IP address association,
- and if needed, domain name server address(s).
- - Edit the /etc/rc.tcpip file for full system domain name (if needed),
- and if necessary, static routes. Uncomment needed services.
- - Uncomment the startup of interfaces and networking line in the
- file '/etc/rc.include' file.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.18 - How to set up SLIP - TCP/IP over serial lines.
-
- Open for adoption and filling in.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.19 - Configuring NFS on AIX V2.
- - Different versions of NFS for AIX V2.
- - Known unfixed problems with NFS 1.1 on AIX V2.
- - Known unfixed problems with NFS 1.2 on AIX V2.
-
- Coming soon ??????
-
- ------------------------------
- S.20 - Known outstanding problems with AIX V2, unfixed by IBM.
-
- Even with the final update disks applied to the AIX 2.2.1 system
- there are some unfortunate bugs still lurking. Some can be corrected
- by replacing the offending code with Public Domain replacements.
- Others will require more work for repair.
-
- * Opsys:
- - ate command will not work on bi-directional ports. Port must be
- in a disabled state for it to open the serial port.
- - syslog function call will not format variable parameters for more
- than three variables.
- * TCP/IP:
- - named daemon is very old, based on BIND vX.X.
- - With 'telnet' terminal type negoation is not always correct
- after update 1773. 1779 corrects some of the problems, but not all.
-
- [ This section, unfortunately, will need some expansion. Report your
- bugs to me, and I'll see they get added to this list. -MW ]
-
- ------------------------------
- S.21 What Non-IBM software was available.
-
- * Applix IA.
- * Dyalog/APL.
- * Interactive Systems INmail/INnet/FTP
- * Interleaf Inc. Workstation Publishing system.
- * INGRES DBMS
- * Oracle DBMS
- * RM/COBOL
- * RS/1
- * Rabbit Systems NETWORK 3270-PLUS, and RJE-PLUS.
- * Samna+
- * Solomon Sstems SOLOMON III Accounting package.
- * SQL/RT
- * Sytos/6157 Tape Utilities.
- * UNIRAS
- * WordPerfect V4.2.
-
- [ If anybody has information on software vendors still activly
- selling or supporting their RT software I would like to expand
- this section with that information. Phone numbers or
- mail/E-mail addresses of companies. - MW ]
-
- ------------------------------
- S.22 - Setting up and using the PC Simulator.
-
- * Getting DOS/pcsim ready:
- 1. Use the "installp" program to install the pcsim LPP.
- For AIX 2.2.1, only the latest release level of pcsim 1.1.1
- will function correctly.
-
- 2. Prepare the DOS 3.1 diskettes and one empty diskette (1.2 MB)
- IBM PC-DOS 3.3 will also work.
-
- 3. Create the working environment:
- - Create a simulator user (ex. simuser) Or use an existing
- non-root userid.
-
- 4. Customize the simulator:
- - login as simuser
- - create a file to be used a the 'C:' drive by PC DOS:
- touch cdrive
- - type: pcsim
- - fill out the selection menu
- Make the 'PC virtual hard disk point to that created file
- called 'cdrive'.
- - save your customization
-
- 5. Start the simulator:
- - put the DOS Start diskette in the top floppy drive. This is
- drive 'A:' to the simulator by default.
- - select START on the pcsim menu
- PC DOS will be loaded from the floppy at this point. If the
- boot fails, in true IBM PC flavor, you will be dropped into
- the 'ROM' basic.
- - If all goes well, the PC DOS prompt A> appears.
-
- 6. Install DOS on the simulated hard disk:
- - type FDISK to create a DOS partition.
- - type FORMAT C:/S to format the DOS partition
- - use the SELECT command to customize DOS
- (for Germany: select 049 gr)
- This step will require the empty diskette.
- - create the DOS library (C: MKDIR DOS)
- - copy the DOS diskette on the disk: copy a:*.* c:\DOS
-
- 7. Reboot DOS from 'PC' virtual hard disk:
- - remove any diskette from the diskette-drive
- - reboot pcsim with <ctl>-<(right)alt>-<del>
-
- NOTE: if you use a color display, make sure to define a BLACK
- background and a white foreground, and you won't have color problems!
-
- * Simulator devices
- The PC Simulator supports:
- - CGA, EGA and APA displays (incl. megapel)
- - the serial ports
-
- There are two main rules to follow in dealing with simulator
- devices which are not supported by AIX:
-
- 1. The Simulator cannot support devices that share interrupt levels.
- 2. The Simulator does not support devices that use alternate DMA.
-
- * Simulator applications
- The following is a short list of applications that have been tested
- by IBM at the release of the simulator product.
- [This was collected from some ORIGINAL IBM documentation, some
- of this information is now very out of date. - MW ]
-
- IBM DOS 3.3
- IBM Displaywrite 4 Version 1.02
- IBM Storyboard Plus Version 1.01, Update 01
- dBase III Plus Version 1.1
- Chartmaster Version 6.21
- PFS: First Choice Version 2.01
- Wordperfect Version 4.2
- Lotus 1-2-3 Version 2.01
- Microsoft Windows Version 2.03
- Flight Simulator Version 2.0
-
- * Defining an adapter to AIX and PCSIM
-
- Allocating an adapter to the Simulator is a three step process:
- - You define it to AIX using devices by adding a device of
- type 'simdev', say simdev0.
- - You define it to PCSIM using the simdev command. For example,
- 'simdev -a simdev0'.
- - You ALLOCATE the device to a session using the -adev0 flag
- from the command line when you start the Simulator or by
- selecting dev0 from the list of devices you may allocate from
- the menu.
-
- You will need to select a display for the Simulator to use in
- addition to your allocated adapter. This is because the Simulator
- needs to create a process to receive keystrokes.
-
- Only the later version 1.1.1 of the simulator supports an X-window
- as a simulator display.
-
- You will need PC software that knows to drive that display adapter.
-
- Note: To verify that the adapter has been properly defined and allocated
- you can use DEBUG to display adapter memory. For example:
- C>DEBUG
- -d c600:0
- C600:0000 FF FF FF FF ...
-
- Define the adapter as described above and allocate it.
- If the RT does not have the adapter present, you get a series of 'FF'
- values when DEBUG reads from the I/O bus. When the adapter is present,
- DEBUG would read whatever is in the video buffer on the adapter.
-
- NOTE: The Simulator maps PC segment registers either entirely to the
- I/O Bus or entirely to virtual memory on the RT. If you ask
- DEBUG to display from segment C5FF (d c5ff:0) you will get a
- series of zeroes like '00 00 00 00 ...' and NOT what is on the
- adapter. This means that PC software that reads or writes to
- an allocated adapter must load a segment register with a value
- in the range of the adapter (and not with a lower value expecting
- to use a larger offset to get into the adapter memory).
-
- ------------------------------
- S.23 - Features of the AIX bourne shell.
-
- * Path resolution function
- The AIX Bourne shell has a builtin command called "type" which returns
- the complete path of the evoked AIX function.
-
- Example: "type ls" -> "ls is /bin/ls"
-
- * Use of the HFT console command editing keys can make the bourne shell
- easier to use.
-
- Use the command 'stty enhedit' to turn on the enhanced edit functions
- of the hft console. With this enabled, the cursor keys and
- function keys F1 thru F3 perform command recall functions and
- command line editing.
- The function keys perform similar to the IBM PC DOS command
- editing keys:
- F1 - copy one character at a time from the last command buffer.
- F2 - Search for the character in the command line that is
- pressed immediately after the F2 key.
- F3 - copy command buffer to end of line.
- delete - delete character out of the enhanced buffer, shifting
- the command line one character to the left from the
- current cursor position, until end of line.
- insert - turn on insert mode on the command buffer
- up arrow, down arrow - scroll forward or backward thru the
- command buffer.
- right arrow - functions like F1 key, copies on character at a time.
-
- NOTE: If you use the RT Graphics Development Toolkit
- "stty enhedit" interferes with the way VDI does mouse input.
- You should then use "stty -enhedit" to de-activate the enhanced
- editing functions.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.24 - Floppy disk drive special file names.
-
- The floppy disk driver will attempt to discover what format the
- diskette is in when reading. When writing however, you must use
- a matching device special file, or I/O errors will result.
-
- name sect trks sides size description
- /dev/rfd# 15 80 2 1.2Mb Normal High density
- /dev/rfd#.9 9 40 2 360Kb Double side, double density
- /dev/rfd#.8 8 40 2 320Kb Double side original PC
- /dev/rfs#.9 9 40 1 180Kb Single side, single density
- /dev/rfs#.8 8 40 1 120Kb Single side, original PC 64K
-
- ------------------------------
- S.25 - Minidisk usage notes.
-
- * The number of minidisks is limited as follows:
- max 64 minidisks per system
- max 47 minidisks per disk unit
-
- * You can use the VRM Maintenance Facility (VMF) to repair a varity of
- minidisk problems. It is described in the "AIX Problem Determination
- Guide", appendix A.
-
- * If you have a minidisk that is on a disk that is a duplicate IODN number
- the system will have problems determining which minidisk to use.
-
- To delete such a minidisk with VRM, do the following:
-
- - Boot with the VRM diskette.
- - Take the option of the maintenance menu.
- - Use the "qi" command and note the IODN of the minidisk, AND the
- drive number, of which you want to delete.
- - type "dlmd <iodn> <drive>"
- where <iodn> is the concerned IODN number.
- and <drive> is the assocaited drive number. (1 thru 3)
- - hit <F1>
- - type "quit"
-
- ------------------------------
- S.26 - How to add more pagespace and virtual memory.
- Pagespace notes and a program to display usage.
-
- Using the VMF utilities (option 7 from the VRM install diskette's menu),
- you can create additional minidisks and give them the "page space"
- attribute. This results in multiple paging space minidisks.
- This is a simple way to increase paging space, and potentially can
- help performance by splitting the paging I/O onto different controllers.
-
- NOTE: Pagespace minidisks cannot be on SCSI disks, as the SCSI drivers
- are not loaded unitl after AIX is started. As paging is performed
- by VRM, all pagespace minidisks MUST be on the ESDI controllers, and
- available at VRM boot time.
-
- WARNING: The location of the FIRST paging space minidisk is an attribute
- set by VRM installation, and recorded in the VRM internals. Deleting
- or moving this minidisk and recreating it on another drive will cause a
- system abort at IPL time with a flashing c6-05.
-
- ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
-
- Here is a program I had in my archives that will display page space
- information and disk I/O statistics. I compiled this as 'lsvm' lsvm.c
-
- main()
- {
- volatile int *pages = (int *) 0xb8; /* page slots unallocated */
- volatile int *repcycles = (int *) 0xbc; /* page replacement cycles */
- volatile int *iowaits = (int *) 0xc0; /* VM I/O waits */
- volatile int *diskio = (int *) 0xc4; /* all non-paging disk I/O's */
-
- printf(" %d = page slots unallocated\n",*pages);
- printf(" %d = page replacement cycles\n",*repcycles);
- printf(" %d = VM I/O waits\n",*iowaits);
- printf(" %d = all non-paging disk I/O's\n",*diskio);
- }
-
- ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
- Submitter: moody@austin.ibm.com
- Subject: Re: Problems with swap space??
- Summary: solution to avoid system crashes when your application runs.
- Date: 27 Feb 90 22:19:01 GMT
- Organization: IBM AWD, Austin, TX
-
- In article <728@duteca4.UUCP> mars@duteca.tudelft.nl () writes:
- [much of article deleted]
- >It seems to me that the problem is caused by a problem with the swap space,
- >so I tried the program on the other RTs and it appeared that the same
- >problem occured (although at least one of them didn't crash until at least
- >one other extra application was running). I also tried the program on a
- >SUN, but couldn't crash it.
- >
- >Maybe a larger swap space is the solution, but
-
- A larger swap space is the ultimate solution.
-
- >error message could be expected when too much memory has been allocated.
-
- AIX version 2 on the RT uses a delayed allocation scheme for
- allocating paging slots to an application. This may result in an
- overcommitting of the page space on the RT for some applications which
- use a lot of memory on a system with a small paging space. One of our
- vendors was the first we knew of to have the problem and I developed a
- solution for them. This solution is an easy way for developers to
- port these large, memory consuming apps. Applicationss originally
- written for BSD systems seem to have this problem more often since BSD
- does things differently.
-
- The following program fragment is my solution.
-
- /* ----------------------- cut here --------------------------------*/
-
- #define PAGESIZE 2048
- #define NULL 0
- #include <sys/signal.h>
- volatile int dangerflag;
- void free();
-
- int main()
- { int size, *ptr;
-
- void handler();
- char *MALLOC();
-
- /* ensure your favorite program catches sigdanger */
- signal(SIGDANGER,handler);
-
- /*************************************************************
- your favorite memory hogging program which uses MALLOC to
- allocate storage (not malloc)
- *************************************************************/
- size = ????;
-
- ptr = MALLOC(size);
- ....
- ....
-
- }
-
- void handler()
- {
- /* sigdanger is sent when the number of paging slots drops
- below the pswarn threshold (see /etc/master to tailor this).
- Setting this threshold to a higher level may help
- even if you don't use the rest of this solution. */
-
- dangerflag = 1;
- }
-
- /* MAXMEMSIZE is chosen to be the largest real memory configuration
- supported on the RT */
-
- #define MAXMEMSIZE 0x1000000
-
- /* MALLOC is used to overcome the possibility of overcommitting the
- page space */
-
- char *MALLOC(size)
- unsigned int size;
-
- {
- char *malloc();
- char *p,*q;
- int i;
- volatile int *numps; /* number of paging slots from low memory */
-
- /* Make sure dangerflag is initialized */
- dangerflag = 0;
-
- /* point to number of paging slots in AIX low memory */
- numps = (int *)0xb8;
-
- /* ensure there is enough backing storage to back all of
- memory (note MAXMEMSIZE is as good as I can get here: that
- is, a lessor value wouldn't work on machines with less
- memory */
- if ((*numps * PAGESIZE) < (size + MAXMEMSIZE)) return((char*)NULL);
-
-
- /* call the real malloc to get the storage */
- q = p = malloc(size);
- if (p == (char *)NULL) return(p);
-
- for(i = 0; i < size ; i += PAGESIZE)
- {
- /* touch and dirty the next page */
- *q = 0;
-
- /* Get out if we went below the pswarn threshold */
- if (dangerflag) goto getout;
-
- /* bump to the next page (note: must be careful to
- touch on the next page boundary and not in the
- middle of the page */
- q = (char *)(((int)q & (~(PAGESIZE-1))) + PAGESIZE);
- }
-
- /* ensure there is still enough backing storage */
- if ((*numps * PAGESIZE) < (size + MAXMEMSIZE)) goto getout;
- return(p);
-
-
- getout: /* There isn't enough space available */
- free(p);
- return((char *)NULL);
- }
-
- /* ------------------------- cut here -----------------------------*/
-
- Disclaimer: The above program is already in the public domain and is posted
- here without warranty (even though I know it works).
- James Moody Adv Workstations Div ; IBM Austin, 2502
- aesnet: moody@moody.austin.ibm.com
- vnet: MOODY at AUSVM6
- outside -> ..!cs.utexas.edu!ibmchs!auschs!moody.austin.ibm.com!moody
- ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
-
- ------------------------------
- S.27 - ADDU setup and useage.
-
- To use ADDU on PC/DOS systems, the RT needs the DOS Server program
- (pci) lpp installed, and started from the /etc/rc.include startup script.
-
- [ I was requested to add this entry, but I have absolutely no
- experience with this product. Open for some kind soul to fill
- it in with knowledge. - MW ]
-
- ------------------------------
- S.28 - How to set up print queues on AIX V2 and general printing
- setup and control notes.
- How to increase the number of printers over eight.
-
- * The devices command will add the physical printer device to the
- system, and under normal conditions, it will configure the queueing
- system to use the newly added printer.
-
- The following printers represent those currently supported
- by AIX 2.2.1:
-
- 5152 - IBM PC Graphics Printer
- 5182 - IBM PC Colour Printer
- 3852 - IBM PC Colour Jetprinter
- 5201 - IBM PC Quietwriter Printer Model 1
- - IBM PC Quietwriter Printer Model 2
- 5202 - IBM PC Quietwriter Printer III
- 4201 - IBM Proprinter II & III (Serial or Parallel)
- 4202 - IBM Proprinter II & III XL (Serial or Parallel)
- 4224 - IBM 4224 Printer (Serial)
- 4216 - IBM Personal Pageprinter Model 20 (Postscript)
- opp - Other Parallel Printer - for non-IBM Printers
- osp - Other Serial Printer - for non-IBM Printers
- 3812 - IBM Pageprinter
-
- The following printers can also be configured for use on the 6150:
-
- 5204 - IBM Quickwriter (4201 serial and 5202 parallel)
- 4216 - IBM Personal Pageprinter Model 010 (4201 serial and parallel)
-
- The opp and osp devices can run quite a few non-IBM printers very
- easily with the proper setup of both the printer and AIX V2.
-
- * NOTE: If devices is used to CHANGE a printer configuration
- information then it is necessary to recreate the device driver by
- issuing the following commands:
-
- vrmconfig -d lpX
- vrmconfig -a lpX
-
- Where lpX is the name of the relevant device.
-
- * The printing and queue control commands used are rather unique to
- AIX/RT. The following commands show BSD commands and their AIX/RT
- equivlent.
-
- BSD AIX/RT
- lpq print -q Displays the status of the printers and
- printer queues.
- lprm xx print -ca xx Cancels a print request for the file
- 'xx'.
- lpr -Plp1 xx print lp1 xx Specifies that file 'xx' should be
- printed on the printer lp1 rather than
- the default printer.
-
- * In BSD the 'lpc' command is an interactive command used to alter the
- printing system. In AIX/RT this is replaced by several different
- command flags. Only the root account or members of the system group
- can use these flags.
- print -dd lp1 Takes the print queue lp1 down. All devices on
- this queue are shown as OFF by print -q.
- print -du lp1 As above but turns the queue back on.
- print -dg filename Kills the qdaemon after the file is printed.
- This is the only clean way of killing the qdaemon.
-
- * The following are some handy print command examples:
-
- print -nc=3 filename Prints 3 copies of a file
- print -no filename Notifies you that the file has finished printing.
- print -tl=TITLE filename Prints TITLE on the first page of the document.
- Also shown from the print -q command.
- print -cp filename Copies the file to the /usr/spool/qdamon space,
- instead of using the actual file for printing.
- You can edit it while waiting for the current
- copy to print.
- print -su=user1 -ca job1 This command allows a user to remove another
- users print job from the queue. Only system
- group members can use this flag.
- print -pr=nn filename Causes the print job to take the priority
- specified by the 'nn' parameter when queued.
- System group users can use priorities 1-30 and
- other users can use 1-20.
- print -ap=nn filename Alters the priority of a queued print job to
- 'nn'. This allows jobs to be moved up and down
- the queue as seen by the 'print -q' command.
-
- * Another very useful feature of the "print" command is that it can be
- used to provide parameters to the stanard backend 'piobe'. For example,
- when adding a Quietwriter III in devices there are many parameters that
- can be changed. Among the various parameters are "lm", "pq" and "psd"
- for setting Left Margin, Print Quality and Paper Source Drawer.
-
- Rather than setting these in devices and changing them each time they
- need altering, it is possible to enter print commands in the following
- way:
-
- $ print -lm=3 -pw=letter -psd=2 filename
-
- This has the effect of dynamically changing the margin, print quality
- and paper source drawer for the period of this print job only. The
- printer reverts to the previous settings immediately after the job
- has completed.
-
- * There are two special flags for the printing system that can be
- very helpful:
- -plot This flag allows files to pass through the backend
- without change. Embedded control codes will not be
- altered by the backend.
- -strip Removes all control codes in the text before passing it
- through to the printer.
-
- It is possible to pass 'piobe' these parameters in two ways.
- For permanent changes, they can be put into the /etc/qconfig file
- in the device stanza as normal parameters to 'piobe'.
-
- Alternatively they can be passed with the print command.
-
- $ print -plot lp1 file.with.codes
-
- This will print the file 'file.with.codes' on the printer associated
- with the lp1 queue but with the -plot option.
-
- * The /etc/qconfig fle can be edited to alter print queue and device
- characteristics. Although the 'print' command will act on the changes
- without further action, it is necessary to reload the qdaemon with the
- modified /etc/qconfig information.
-
- This is achieved by issuing the 'print -rr' command which forces the
- qdaemon to reread the information.
-
- * Some stanzas in this file describe queues and other stanzas describe
- devices. Every queue stanza requires that one or more device stanzas
- immediately follow it in the file. The first queue stanza describes
- the default queue. The print command uses this queue if no queue
- parameter is provided.
-
- * The /etc/qconfig file with one printer defined will look something
- like this:
-
- lp0:
- argname = lp0
- device = dlp0
-
- dlp0:
- file = /dev/lp0
- access = both
- backend = /usr/lpd/piobe -statusfile -pname=lp1
- -device=d4201ss2 -profile=/etc/ddi/sprinter
-
- bsh:
- argname = bsh
- friend = FALSE
- discipline = fcfs
- device = bshdev
-
- bshdev:
- backend = /bin/sh
-
- The first stanza (labelled lp0:) describes the argument name for this
- print queue and the device name. The label lp0: is the name of the
- queue and the argname (also lp0 in this case) is the name used by the
- 'print' command to select this queue. The label and the argname
- need not be the same.
- Note: Queue names MUST be a maximum of three characters (lp0 in
- the example above). The 'device' entry stanza (dlp0 in the
- example) has a maximum length of six characters.
-
- * A single queue can be used to service more than one device for a
- particular queue. For example, if there are two identical printers
- attached to the system then it may be desirable to have them both on
- the same queue. This would enable users to send jobs to be printed and
- if one printer was busy then the job could be printed on the alternate
- printer.
-
- This can be achieved as follows:
-
- - Add both printers with devices. The assume the first one is lp0,
- and the second is lp1.
- - Edit /etc/qconfig and delete the lp1 'queue' stanza and edit the
- lp0 queue stanza to select both devices:
- Locate the line:
- device = dlp0
- associated with the lp0 queue and change it so that both device
- stanzas are referenced by that queue entry.
-
- lp0:
- argname = lp0
- device = dlp0,dlp1
-
- dlp0:
- file = /dev/lp0
- access = both
- backend = /usr/lpd/piobe -statusfile -pname=lp1
- -device=d4201ss2 -profile=/etc/ddi/sprinter
-
- dlp1:
- file = /dev/lp1
- backend = /usr/lpd/piobe -statusfile -pname=lp1
- -device=d4201ss2 -profile=/etc/ddi/sprinter
-
- If it is necessary to access either of the devices individually, this
- can still be achieved using the following format:
- print filename lp0:0 (Selects dlp0)
- print filename lp0:1 (Selects dlp1)
-
- * In the default /etc/qconfig file there are two stanzas, bsh and bshdev.
- These form the queue characteristics for the background shell. The
- background shell isn't actually used for printing, but may be used
- for queuing jobs to be executed on the system. For example, to run
- a program called PROG, that can only be executed by one user at a
- time (eg for load implications), you would enter:
-
- print bsh PROG
-
- These stanzas can be removed if not needed, to prevent
- 'print -q' from displaying bsh information, or inadvertant use.
-
- * Working with more than 8 printers
-
- The AIX 2.2 device driver supports up to 16 printers. There are some
- manual steps that need to be taken to get other portions of the system
- to also work with more than 8 printers.
-
- For "devices" support: we need to change the /etc/master file.
- For every stanza related to a printer device (those which have the
- keyword "prefix = lp"), change the value of the "maxminor" keyword
- from 8 to 16. To cause this change to go into effect, a kernel
- rebuild is neessary.
-
- For "qdaemon" support: when these printers actually get added, a
- stanza for the printer is added to the /etc/qconfig file. The qdaemon
- only supports 3-character queue names. So when the 10th printer gets
- added, modify the created stanza names, with an editor.
- The "argname" and "device" keywords, and the "-pname" flag as follows:
-
- Typical example:
- ---------------
- lp10:
- argname = lp10
- device = dlp10
-
- dlp10:
- file = /dev/lp10
- backend = /usr/lpd/piobe -pname=lp10 -device=d5152mp
-
- Is changed to become:
- --------------------
- lpa:
- argname = lpa
- device = dlpa
-
- dlpa:
- file = /dev/lp10
- backend = /usr/lpd/piobe -pname=lpa -device=d5152mp
-
- The reason for this alteration is that the printer device driver supports
- 16 printers, but the qdaemon, who reads the qconfig file, only supports
- queue names of 3 bytes or less. Because the lp10 - lp15 are 4 byte queue
- names they need to be amended to 3 bytes. Note "/dev/lp10" is the device
- special file name and does not need to be changed.
-
- * There are a number of fields that may be included in the print queue
- stanza (lp0: in the example below) and the device stanza (dlp0).
-
- lp0:
- argname = lp0
- device = dlp0
- acctfile = /usr/adm/qacct (or any other filename)
- discipline = fcfs (or sjn)
- friend = TRUE (or FALSE)
- up = TRUE (or FALSE)
-
- dlp0:
- file = /dev/lp0
- backend = /usr/lpd/piobe -statusfile -pname=lp1 \
- -device=d4201ss1 -profile=/etc/ddi/sprinter
- access = write (or both, or FALSE)
- align = TRUE (or FALSE)
- feed = 3 (or never)
- header = always (or never, or group)
- trailer = always (or never, or group)
-
- The fields shown above can be used to customise the output and
- queue characteristics of each printer. It is important to note
- that some are entered in the print queue stanza and some are entered
- in the device stanza. If any field is placed in the wrong stanza then
- an error message will occur in the form of:
-
- error in config file /etc/qconfig, line 6
- illegal field name for queue stanza
- PRINT (FATAL ERROR): error from digester /usr/lpd/digest
- Please notify system administrator.
-
- This error will also occur if there is no blank line between stanzas.
-
- > Fields in the print queue stanza (lp0):
- argname Identifies the queue name identifier used by the 'print'
- command. This can be changed to a more meaningful name
- such as 'argname = draft'
- device Identifies the the symbolic name that refers to the
- following device stanza(s).
- acctfile Identifies the file used to save print accounting
- information. If the named file does not exist, no
- accounting is done. FALSE, the default, indicates
- suppressed accounting. The information provided is
- user number, user name and number of pages printed.
- discipline Defines the scheduling algorithm used by the queue.
- The default 'fcfs' means 'first come, first served'.
- The other option, 'sjn', specifies shortest job next.
- friend Indicates whether the backend updates the status file
- and responds to terminate signals. TRUE is the default,
- FALSE indicates that it does not. A friendly backend
- (like 'piobe') will provide status information as seen
- by 'print -q' whereas an unfriendly one (like 'cat')
- does not.
- up Defines the state of the queue. TRUE, the default
- indicates that it is running, FALSE indicates that it is
- not. This is used when a printer becomes unavailable for
- a period of time (eg maintenance) and it is not relevant
- to delete the device from the system.
-
- > Fields in the device stanza (dlp0:)
- access Defines the type of access the 'backend' has to the
- file specified in the 'file' field. The value of access
- is 'write' if the backend has write access to the file
- or 'both' if it has read/write access. If the value of
- access is FALSE this field is ignored.
- align Specifies whether the backend sends a form feed before
- starting the job if the printer was idle. (Default - FALSE)
- feed Specifies the number of separator pages to print if the
- device becomes idle. The default, 'never', indicates that
- no separator pages should be printed.
- header Specifies whether a header page prints before each job.
- The default, 'never', indicates no header pages at all,
- 'always' means print a header page before each job and
- 'group' means before each group of jobs for the same user.
- trailer Operats the same as 'header' but puts trailer pages after
- the users output rather than than preceding it.
-
- * Using Flow Control with serial printers.
- AIX/RT can communicate serially with printers at up to 19200 baud. If
- a large file is being printed then the printer buffer will often fill
- up because the printer cannot print as fast as the system is transmitting.
- To prevent the subsequent loss of characters some form of flow control
- must be implemented.
-
- There are two main types of flow control used with serial printers. One,
- "dtr" uses hardware and the other, "Xon/Xoff" uses software.
-
- + dtr Flow Control
- The dtr (Data Terminal Ready) flow control method uses one of the pins in the RS232C wire to indicate to the RT that the printer buffer is
- full and that no more data is to be sent. It uses the same pin to
- indicate that the buffer is no longer full and that more data can be
- sent to the printer.
-
- If you examing the printer cable diagram show in section H.xx of the
- harware FAQ, for a printer cable, you will see that Pin 20 on the
- printer end of the cable is the "dtr" pin per RS-232 standards. This
- pin is connected to Pin 8 on the RT end, Clear To Send (CTS).
-
- If your printer uses dtr then you must specify pro=dc in the devices
- program when you add the printer. Also, ixp (Include Xon/Xoff Protocol)
- MUST be set to false in devices since this ignores the 'pro' setting
- if ixp is set to TRUE. This tells the RT to look at the CTS pin which
- is connected to 'dtr' on the printer for dtr flow control (NOT the
- "dtr" pin of the RT side).
-
- A common mistake is to set "pro=dtr" in devices when the printer is
- using dtr. This, however tells the RT to look at the dtr pin (Pin 2)
- which is connected to CD and DSR using the standard printer cable.
- Since CD and DSR will always be high, the RT never has reason to
- believe that the buffer is full and lost data and error messages occur.
-
- + XON/XOFF Flow Control
- Xon/Xoff is more straight forward than dtr. It uses the Receive and
- Transmit lines and a couple of special characters to indicate the
- status of the buffers. When data is being sent down the transmit line
- from the RT and the buffer fills, the printer sends a special code
- down its transmit line, which the RT receives and interprets as Xoff.
- The RT then waits until the printer sends an Xon character before it
- sends more data to the printer. The normal values for Xon and Xoff
- are 11 and 13 (HEX) respectively.
-
- To set up a printer to use Xon/Xoff it is necessary to set "ixp" to
- true in devices. As mentioned this ignores the "pro" parameter.
-
- * In AIX the "splp" command is used for changing the device driver
- characteristics of both parallel and serial printers. Basically, each
- printer is set up using the "devices" command which edits all the
- relevant "/etc/ddi/xxxx" files and configures the device driver.
-
- If the print command is used to output files then splp will not
- be necessary. However, for redirection of files to the device, it
- may be necessary to alter the device driver settings (eg +plot to
- pass a file through without altering it in any way).
-
- The "splp" command can be used by superuser or any user in the system
- group to alter the characteristics of a printer device driver
- interactively. It can also be used to display the current
- characteristics of a serial or parallel printer device driver.
-
- Note: When the "print" command is used with the piobe backend, splp is
- set to +plot during the printing. Therefore any splp parameters set by
- the user are ignored.
-
- If a file is redirected (e.g. cat filename >/dev/lp0) then the splp
- settings are active.
-
- To display the device driver characteristics of the lp1 printer
- issue the "splp /dev/lp1" command:
-
- # splp /dev/lp1
-
- indent = 0, width = 80, length = 66, timer = 60 seconds
- +bs +cr +ff +nl +tb -cap -wrap -plot
- -sync -err -fontinit
- serial printer: -parenb -parodd -cstopb exta cs8
-
- Parameters can be changed with the splp command in the following form:
-
- splp /dev/lp1 width=132
-
- Note: splp will not work for serial printers unless CD is high on the
- printer port. Therefore the printer must be on-line before the
- "splp" command is issued. When using splp from the "/etc/rc.include".
- file so it is important to bear this in mind.
-
- NOTE: To include parameters such as "plot" in the "splp" command you
- must use "+plot" to turn the parameter on and "-plot" to turn the
- parameter off. This is different to the "piobe" command where the
- "-" indicates that the parameter is included.
-
- * If the '-cp' flag is used with the print command or if output is piped
- to print, temporary storage of the file to be printed is kept
- in /usr/spool/qdaemon. For this reason, it is essential that the
- '/usr' minidisk is large enough to hold the files that are going to
- be printed. Remote print requests via the lpd daemon are also
- received in /usr/spool/lpd until queued, then they are stored in
- /usr/spool/qdaemon.
-
- * More documentation on the printing subsystems can be found in:
- Using the AIX Operating System
- Chapter 2 - Printing Files
- The print command is described with it's flags and their
- meanings and examples are given.
-
- Managing the AIX Operating System
- Chapter 3 - Using the Queuing System
- This section deals with parts of the queuing system; print,
- qdaemon, backend and qconfig. It covers these in some depth.
-
- Chapter 4 - Managing Printers
- This short section discusses piobe and the ways in which print
- can be controlled by the user.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.29 - Accessing remote printers via TCP/IP.
- Sharing your printers with other systems (lpd daemon).
-
- To use remote printers on another system will require you to
- have the TCP/IP component insalled and configured, and to manually edit
- the /etc/qconfig file for the remote printers.
-
- Notes:
- 1) Queue stanza names MUST be a maximum of three characters.
- 2) Device stanza names must be a maximum of six characters.
- 3) Queues names are shared among systems, not device entries.
- 4) More than one queue can point to a single device.
-
- To utilize a printer on system 'george' that has a queue name
- of 'lp0' requires the following entries in the qconfig file.
- The printer on this system 'sam' will be called 'rp0'.
-
- rp0: argname=rp0
- device=drp0
-
- drp0: friend = TRUE
- backend = /usr/lpp/tcpip/etc/lprbe -pserver=george -pqueue=lp0
-
- If the remote system is NOT a AIX system, add '-naix' to the
- command line arguments for the lprbe backend statement.
-
- The lprbe backend also supports user filters with the
- -filter= line flag. For more information on this, and the
- available filters, see the "Interface program for TCP/IP" manual.
-
- * To be allow other systems to utilitze your printers for remote
- printing is a three step process.
-
- 1) Make sure the remote system IP address and name are known.
- If you are not using domain name service or NIS(YP), make sure
- that the remote hostname and IP address are listed in /etc/hosts.
-
- 2) Insure that the 'lpd' daemon is started. To have it started at
- boot time, edit /etc/rc.tcpip and uncomment the three lines
- after 'Start up Print Daemon':
-
- # Start up Print Daemon
- #if [ -f /usr/lpp/tcpip/etc/lpd ]; then
- # /usr/lpp/tcpip/etc/lpd & echo " lpd\c" >/dev/console
- #fi
-
- Note: The LOCAL printing daemon 'qdaemon' MUST also be started
- to use remote printing. The 'lpd' daemon just hands off received
- remote printing requests and files and queues them in the local
- queues controlled by the qdaemon.
-
- 3) Systems allowed to print on your printers MUST be listed in
- the access file read by the 'lpd' daemon. This file is
- '/etc/hosts.lpd'. It is a simple ascii file with one line
- for each hostname that will be using your print queues.
-
- Note: If you change this file with 'lpd' running, send a
- 'kill -2 <pid of lpd>' to cause the daemon to re-read the
- /etc/hosts.lpd file for new authorized hostnames. If using
- domain name service AND the remote system is NOT in your domain
- the full domain name of the system MUST be entered.
-
- * If using remote printing make sure that TCP/IP updates
- are installed:
- - IX03872 located on update 1733 or later, security problems
- with the lpd daemon.
- - IX06162 located on update 1734 or later, lpd not cleaning
- up /usr/spool/lpd temporary files.
-
- ------------------------------
- S.30 - Using 9332 (SCSI) disk drives with AIX.
-
- Coming soon... ??????
-
- ------------------------------
- S.31 - Making a backup of the VRM minidisk.
-
- To take a backup of your installed VRM, use the command:
-
- cvid /dev/fd0
-
- This command will backup your current VRM and create a TAILORED
- VRM install diskette, which you can use to re-install your VRM.
- This is especially helpful for those who have altered the standard
- VRM install with their own drivers or re-ordered the lpost file order.
-
- You must have superuser authority and already initialized diskettes!
-
- ================================================================================
-
- Posted around the first of each month to comp.sys.ibm.pc.rt, and
- to comp.unix.aix.
-
- This FAQ is dedicated to use of the AIX Version 2 operating system, running
- on the IBM RISC processor known as the RT. The RT is known also as
- an IBM model 6150 or 6151 machine.
-
- For AIX RT submissions E-mail to: aix-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us
- For AOS RT submissions E-mail to: aos-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us
- For MACH RT submissions E-mail to: mach-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us
- For general Q&A submissions (hardware and other stuff) E-mail to:
- faq-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us
-
- Other comments and correctons should be sent to the author:
- Mark Whetzel
- DOMAIN addr: markw@antimatr.hou.tx.us
- BANG address: ..!uhnix1!lobster!antimatr!markw
- Daytime work number 8AM-5PM M-F CST VOICE: (713) 963-2544
-
- *** FAQ Continued in part 3 ***
- ===================== end of ibm-rt-faq/aix-v2/part2 ===========================
- --
- AIX..... NOT just another UNIX. (tm)
- Mark Whetzel | My own RT system.. My own thoughts..
- DOMAIN: markw@antimatr.hou.tx.us | IBM RT/135 running AIX 2.2.1
- UUCP ..!menudo!lobster!antimatr!markw | comp.sys.ibm.pc.rt FAQ maintainer.
-